Efektivitas Batas Usia Perkawinan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 terhadap Praktik Dispensasi Nikah di Indonesia
Keywords:
Minimum Marriage Age, Marriage Dispensation, Legal Effectiveness, Child Marriage, Child ProtectionAbstract
The amendment to the minimum marriage age through Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 represents a policy effort by the government to reduce child marriage and improve family quality. However, its implementation still reveals a gap between legal provisions and social realities, as reflected in the persistently high number of marriage dispensation applications submitted to the courts. This study aims to examine the regulation of the minimum marriage age, the practice of marriage dispensation in religious courts, and to assess the effectiveness of this policy in reducing child marriage rates. This research employs a normative juridical approach combined with an empirical perspective, using literature review and secondary data analysis. The findings indicate that although the regulation of the minimum marriage age has been formulated progressively, marriage dispensation continues to be widely used as a means to legalize underage marriages. This condition is influenced by legal, social, and cultural factors, as well as the limited level of public legal awareness. Therefore, more comprehensive efforts are required, including strengthening regulations, enhancing legal education, and integrating the values of public welfare into legal practices.
References
Adenisatrawan, Adenisatrawan, Mansyu Mansyur, and Andi Ishaq. “Peningkatan Kesadaran Hukum Tentang Batas Usia Perkawinan Melalui Penyuluhan Di Sekolah.” Jurnal Dedikasi 01, no. 06 (2024): 193–200. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59422/djpl.v1i06.468.
Adhyputra, Muhammad Fadel, Ziadul Fikri, and Fika Febriana. “Efektivitas Penegakan Hukum Pada Pembatasan Usia Nikah Di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Aliran Filsafat Sociological Jurisprudence.” Jurnal Restorasi Hukum 7, no. 2 (2024). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14421/qw5ag823.
Aisyah, Sandya Hilana, Wakid Efendi, and Rommy Hardyansah. “Permohonan Dispensasi Perkawinan Perspektif Sadd’Dzari’ah (Studi Penetapan Nomor : 203/PDT.P/2023/ PA.SJJ).” Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum 3, no. 3 (2025): 1516–30. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v3i3.1408.
Aisyah, Siti, and Sidi Ahyar Wiraguna. “Implikasi Undang-Undang No . 16 Tahun 2019 Terhadap Praktik Pernikahan Anak Dan Upaya Pencegahannya.” Jurnal Cendikia Hukum Indonesia 1, no. 2 (2025): 788–98. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.71417/jchi.v1i2.83.
Amirulloh, Luqman Haqiqi. “Rechtsvinding Dan Pertimbangan Hakim Dalam Mengabulkan Dan Menolak Permohonan Dispensasi Nikah.” Khuluqiyya 3, no. 1 (2021): 1–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56593/khuluqiyya.v3i1.53.
Andriati, Syarifah Lisa, Mutiara Sari, and Windha Wulandari. “Implementasi Perubahan Batas Usia Perkawinan Menurut UU No . 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perubahan Atas UU No . 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan.” Jurnal Binamulia Hukum 11, no. 16 (2022): 59–68. https://doi.org/10.37893/jbh.v11i1.673.
Anggraini, Yola Septiana, Natasya Sakila Agustriani, Sukma Fitri Triandari, Prengki Okta Saputra, and Damar Antolin. “Penetapan Batas Usia Perkawinan 19 Tahun Perspektif Prinsip-Prinsip Perkawinan Di Indonesia.” Journal of Sharia and Legal Science 3, no. 3 (2025): 299–308. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61994/jsls.v3i3.1399.
Anggriani, Novi, Zuhrah, and Hadijah. “Tinjauan Yuridis Pembatasan Usia Perkawinan Dalam Upaya Pencegahan Perkawinan Anak.” Jurnal Qanun 3, no. 1 (2025): 31–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.58738/qanun.v3i1.815.
Asman. “Dinamika Usia Dewasa Dan Relevansinya Terhadap Batas Usia Perkawinan Di Indonesia: Perspektif Yuridis-Normatif.” Jurnal of Islamic Law (JIL) 2, no. 1 (2021): 119–38. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v2i1.66.
Bahroni, Achmad, Ariella Gitta Sari, Satriyani Cahyo Widayati, and Hery Sulisto. “DISPENSASI KAWIN DALAM TINJAUAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 23 TAHUN 2002 JUNCTO UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 35 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN ANAK.” Jurnal Transparasi Hukum 2, no. 2 (2014): 33–63. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30737/transparansi.v2i2.446.
Dewi, Linda Kartika, Balqis Dewi Rahayu, Intan Rahayu, Bagus Fajar, Ardiyanto, Rakha Salman Sanusi Putra, Unggul Pamungkas, Athalla Fikra Yazdaniar, and Stephanus Louis Scaeva Tapiheru. “Persepsi Masyarakat Tentang Dispensasi Nikah Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam.” Jurnal Al-Zayn 3, no. 2 (2025): 657–71. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v3i2.1131.
Dm, Mohd Yusuf, Andry Kusuma Putra, Revi Yanti Hasibuan, and Selvin Delpian. “Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Penegakan Hukum Dalam Masyarakat.” Jurnal JIHHP 5, no. 4 (2025): 2866–71. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.38035/jihhp.v5i4.4234.
Dwi, Gusti Agus Made Juliananta, Ratna Artha Windari, and Ni Ketut Sari Adnyani. “Asas Kepentingan Terbaik Bagi Anak Sebagai Pertimbangan Penetapan Dispensasi Perkawinan Dalam Penetapan Nomor 19/Pdt.P/2024/PN.Sgr.” Jurnal ISO 6, no. 2 (2026): 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53697/iso.v6i2.3952.
Hairunnisa, Apifah, Awalia Alimuddin, H Hasnia, and Muhammad Watif. “Dinamika Penegakan Hukum Dalam Masyarakat: Telaah Sosiologi Hukum Terhadap Kesenjangan Antara Hukum Normatif Dan Hukum Empiris Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Peshum 4, no. 5 (2025): 7966–73. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56799/peshum.v4i5.11201.
Indrawati, Septi, and Agus Budi Santoso. “Tinjauan Kritis Batas Usia Perkawinan Di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019.” Jurnal Hukum 2, no. 1 (2020): 16–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37729/amnesti.v2i1.804.
Juwita, Arin Budi Asmara, and Iffaty Nasyi’ah. “Implementasi Pasal 7 Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Batas Usia Minimal Perkawinan.” Jurnal Sakina 6, no. 3 (2022). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18860/jfs.v6i3.1839.
Kalsum, Nur Umniati, Lomba Sultan, and Muhammad Fajri. “PERMOHONAN DISPENSASI NIKAH DI PENGADILAN AGAMA MAROS KELAS 1B PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM.” Jurnal Qaduna 4, no. 5 (2021): 337–53. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24252/qadauna.v4i2.30010.
Labaiba, Fazat. “ANALISIS KETENTUAN BATAS MINIMAL USIA PERKAWINAN UNDANG-UNDANG PERKAWINAN NO. 1 TAHUN 1974 MENJADI UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 16 TAHUN 2019.” Jurnal Khuluqiyya 3, no. 2 (2021): 110–28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56593/khuluqiyya.v3i2.74.
Mayasari, Dian Ety, and Andreas L Atjengbharata. “PENGATURAN BATAS USIA UNTUK MELAKUKAN PERKAWINAN DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG PERLINDUNGAN ANAK.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 16, no. 201 (2020): 237–46. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30996/dih.v16i2.3425.
Pamuji, Ridoh, and Nur Hidayatul Fithri. “Analisis Hukum Terhadap Pemberian Dispensasi Kawin Oleh Pengadilan Agama Terhadap Anak Di Bawah Umur Dalam Upaya Pencegahan Perkawinan Dini.” Jurnal Ilmu Multidisplin 4, no. 6 (2026): 4351–61. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.38035/jim.v4i6.1599.
R Magistravia Geniusa, Esa. “Angka Dispensasi Pernikahan Di Pengadilan Agama Turun Di Tahun 2023.” GoodStats, 2026. https://data.goodstats.id/statistic/angka-dispensasi-pernikahan-di-pengadilan-agama-turun-di-tahun-2023-ALH1q.
Salama, Akbar, and Fahmy Syahrudin. “DAMPAK YURIDIS DISPENSASI KAWIN TERHADAP PERLINDUNGAN ANAK DALAM HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM.” Jurnal Milatuna 03, no. 01 (2026): 75–84. https://doi.org/10.33752/mjsi.v3i01.10848.
Supriyadi, and Budi Prasetyo. “Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Permohonan Dispensasi Nikah.” Jurnal Akta Notaris 3, no. 70 (2024): 259–79. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56444/aktanotaris.v3i2.2209.
Suryantoro, Dwi Dasa, and Ali Mansur. “Tinjauan Maqasid Al-Syari‘Ah Terhadap Batas Usia Perkawinan Dalam Hukum Islam Dan Undang- Undang Perkawinan Indonesia.” Jurnal Usrah 7 (2026): 465–78. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46773/e9zacz90.
Rahman, Abdul. “Dirjen Badilag Ungkap Tren Dispensasi Kawin Menurun , Namun Peringatkan Potensi Besar Perkawinan Anak Di Bawah Tangan Pada Seminar Internasional Di Pascasarjana UIN Bandung.” Badilag Mahakamah Agung Republik Indonesia, 2025. https://badilag.mahkamahagung.go.id/seputar-ditjen-badilag/dirjen-badilag-ungkap-tren-dispensasi-kawin-menurun-namun-peringatkan-potensi-besar-perkawinan-anak-di-bawah-tangan-pada-seminar-internasional-di-pascasarjana-uin-bandung.
