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Natural Resource Management According To The
Quran From The Perspective Of Environmental Issues
(Al Misbah Interpretation Study)
Alhusna Efendi
a ,1
, Mhd Syahminan
b, 2
a, b
North Sumatra State Islamic University, Medan, Indonesia
1
alhusnaefendi03@gmail.com ;
2
mhdsyahminan@uinsu.ac.id
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article History:
Accepted: 3 August 2024
Revised: 21 August 2024
Approved: 03 September 2024
Available Online: 06 September 2024
This study analyzes the management of natural resources (SDA)
according to the Qur'an from the perspective of environmental issues, by
referring to Tafsir Al-Misbah by M. Quraish Shihab. Islam views humans
as caliphs on earth, who are responsible for maintaining and preserving
nature. The principles of justice, balance, and sustainability are the main
foundations in the utilization of natural resources. The prohibition
against environmental damage and waste of resources is very relevant to
modern environmental challenges such as deforestation, pollution, and
climate change. This study highlights the importance of wise water
management, preservation of flora and fauna, and environmental
education as part of the responsibility of mankind. Tafsir Al-Misbah
emphasizes that the use of natural resources must be carried out fairly
and in balance to ensure the sustainability of nature for future
generations. The research method used is a descriptive analytical library
study with primary data sourced from the verses of the Qur'an in Tafsir
Al-Misbah by M. Quraish Shihab. The research concludes that Islamic
teachings on natural resource management, as outlined in Tafsir Al-
Misbah, provide strong moral and ethical guidance for addressing
current environmental issues. By emphasizing the principles of justice
and balance, these teachings support global efforts to achieve
environmental sustainability and long-term well-being.
Keywords:
Natural resources
Environmental Issues
Interpretation of Al Misbah
©2024, Alhusna Efendi, Mhd Syahminan
This is an open access article under CC BY -SA license
1. Introduction
Nature in the Islamic perspective has a broad meaning and includes all of God's creation in
the heavens and on earth. The Koran and Hadith provide a comprehensive view of nature,
emphasizing that nature is a manifestation of Allah's power and wisdom (Syahminan, 2016).
The following is a discussion of the definition of nature according to the Koran and Hadith. The
Koran calls nature the signs (verses) of Allah that humans must contemplate. Nature includes
all living creatures and inanimate objects in the heavens and on earth, and everything was created
to show the greatness and power of Allah. One of the verses in the Koran that describes nature
is in QS. Al-Anbiya verse 30:
“Do the disbelievers not know that the heavens and the earth were of one piece, then We
parted them and made every living thing from water? Will they not then believe?”
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According to the view of Almisbah's interpretation, this verse provides a perspective that is
very relevant to current environmental issues, this verse invites us to see nature as a whole that
is interconnected and humans as part of that nature. Then this verse also emphasizes the
importance of water as a source of life, which is the main component for all living things
(Shihab, 2018).
Hadith narrated by Al-Bukhari [371/479]
Abu Walid narrated to us, he said: has told us Hammad bin Salamah, from Hisyam bin
Zaid bin Anas Malik, from Anas bin Malik, from the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam
said: "If the doomsday has come it is in the hands of one among you there is a small date
palm tree, if he can plant it before the end of the world, let him plant it."
This hadith teaches the importance of preserving and maintaining nature even in difficult
situations. Planting trees is described as a good deed that must be done by every individual.
Indonesia currently faces various environmental problems that require serious attention from the
government and society. One of the main issues is the massive deforestation that occurs in
Indonesia's tropical forests. Every year, millions of hectares of forest are destroyed for various
purposes, as well as increasing greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global climate
change. In addition to deforestation, Indonesia also faces a significant pollution problem. Rivers
in Indonesia, especially in urban areas, are polluted by industrial waste, household waste, and
plastic. An example is the Citarum River in West Java, which is often referred to as one of the
most polluted rivers in the world. This pollution not only damages the aquatic ecosystem and
the life in it, but also endangers the health of millions of people who depend on river water for
their daily needs.
Another issue that is no less important is air pollution in big cities like Jakarta. The increase
in the number of motor vehicles, burning of waste, and industrial activities has caused air quality
to decline drastically. This has a direct impact on public health, with an increase in cases of
respiratory diseases such as asthma and bronchitis. Deliberate forest fires to clear new land cause
thick smoke that affects the health of residents and causes diplomatic problems with neighboring
countries. These various human activities have significantly increased greenhouse gas emissions
which have an impact on global warming and increasing the average temperature of the earth,
if the temperature of the earth heats up then the ice at the poles will melt which will result in an
increase in sea water volume. Overcoming these environmental issues requires a comprehensive
approach that integrates Islamic religious values such as responsibility as a caliph on earth and
the principle of moderation. So the role of the Qur'an in preserving nature becomes very
important, by involving an interpretive perspective that can facilitate understanding current
environmental problems. The perspective in question is the interpretation of Al-Misbah.
Tasfir Al-Misbah is the work of Prof. Dr. M. Quraish Shihab, this is one of the contemporary
interpretations that is widely referred to in discussions on the interpretation of the verses of the
Qur'an. This interpretation is known for its in-depth approach and relevance to the modern
context, including environmental issues. This interpretation presents a detailed and contextual
explanation of the verses related to nature and the environment. In this interpretation, Quraish
Shihab often emphasizes the importance of balance, maintenance, and human responsibility
towards nature. This interpretation is not only important for understanding God's commands in
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managing nature but is also relevant for responding to the environmental issues we face today
(Mustakim, 2017). Regarding the Qur'an which discusses environmental sustainability, there are
several suras that do discuss environmental sustainability, including surah al-'Araf verse 56 and
ar-Rum verses 41-42. Quraish Shihab explained that based on Surah Ar-Rum verse 41, sins and
violations (fasad) committed by humans, cause disruption of balance on land and at sea.
Conversely, the absence of balance on land and at sea, causes torment to humans. That is the
message of the verse above. The more damage to the environment, the greater the negative
impact on humans. The more and more diverse human sins, the more severe the environmental
damage (Shihab, 2018).
In the modern context, natural resource management based on religious values can be an
effective and ethical solution to overcome the environmental crisis. This study will explore in
Tafsir Al-Misbah on how the Qur'an regulates natural resource management, especially in the
context of current environmental issues. Concepts such as hikmah (wisdom), 'adl (justice),
wasath (moderation), and wara' (caution) are the basis for understanding how natural resource
management should be carried out responsibly and sustainably.
2. Method
This study will use a descriptive-analytical approach to explore the characters and strategies
related to natural resource management according to the Qur'an, as well as the moral and social
implications contained therein. This research method can provide a comprehensive
understanding of the concept of natural resource management according to the Qur'an (Lestari
and Vera, 2021). The data sources in this study consist of primary sources, namely Tafsir Al-
Misbah, and secondary sources, namely books, journals and research findings that are relevant
to this study. The data collection technique uses documentation techniques, namely collecting
library documents related to the research questions, to then conduct content analysis. Content
analysis emphasizes M. Quraish Shihab's thoughts on his interpretation of verses related to
environmental sustainability. To ensure the validity of the data, a source triangulation technique
is used, in this case intending to ensure that one library source has similarities with another
library.
The explanation of the research method can be seen in the chart below:
Figure 1. Research methods chart
PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA
ALAM MENURUT AL-QURAN
PERSFEKTIF ISU LINGKUNGAN
Ayat-ayat terkait
sumber daya alam dan
pengelolaannya
Kerusakan lingkungan
Tafsir Al-Misbah
Pengelolaan Sumber
daya alam perspektif isu
Lingkungan
Pemikiran
M. Quraish Shihab
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3. Results and Discussion
Environmental Damage Problems
Nowadays, there is a lot of environmental damage caused by humans, sometimes humans can
trigger changes in natural behavior (Miftahuddin et al., 2024). Current environmental issues are
very diverse and involve various aspects of nature and human life. Some environmental issues that
are currently of global concern include:
1. Deforestation
Deforestation is the loss of forest areas that are converted into non-forest areas. Deforestation
results in the loss of habitat for many species of flora and fauna. Data shows that in the Amazon,
for example, around 17% of the forest has been lost, while another 17% has been degraded. In
Indonesia, the problem of deforestation itself has existed for decades, this refers to research
conducted by FAO (1990) and the World Bank (1990) which recorded the annual deforestation
rate of around 300 thousand ha/year (1970), 600 thousand ha/year (1981), and 1 million ha/year
(1990). However, Indonesia was able to reduce the lowest deforestation rate in 2022, which was
104 thousand ha. It was recorded that since 2020-2022, Indonesia's deforestation rate has
decreased by around 8.4%, while WRI noted that Indonesia is the number one country in the world
for the rate of deforestation reduction, which is 65%. This shows the success of the Indonesian
government in repairing natural resources that were previously damaged.
2. Air pollution
WHO noted that in 2022, almost the entire world's population (99%) breathed air that
exceeded the air quality limits set by WHO. Air pollution, especially fine particulate matter
(PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), is largely caused by human activities such as the burning of
fossil fuels. The State of Global Air reports that air pollution is the second leading cause of death
worldwide, causing an estimated 8.1 million deaths in 2021. Meanwhile, according to the United
Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), air pollution contributes to 4.2 million premature
deaths each year.
3. Forest Burning
Wildfires are a serious environmental problem, with significant impacts on ecosystems,
climate, and human life. According to the latest data, in 2022 in the United States, there were
68,988 fires burning around 7.6 million hectares of land. This figure shows an increase in the
frequency and area burned compared to the previous year. The most fires occurred in Alaska,
which contributed 3.1 million hectares of the total burned area, then as of June 1, 2023, around
18,300 wildfires had affected more than 511,000 ha. Around 85-90% of fires are caused by human
activities, including arson, unsupervised campfires, burning trash, and equipment malfunctions.
Meanwhile, lightning is the main cause of natural fires.
4. Global Warming
Global warming is a critical issue characterized by a long-term increase in the Earth's average
surface temperature due to human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation,
which increases the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. August 2024 was the
warmest month on record, making the summer of 2024 the warmest on record since global
monitoring began in 1880. This summer's temperatures were about 1.25 °C (2.25 °F) warmer than
the average summer from 1951 to 1980. The months of June, July, and August 2024 combined
showed that the average temperature was about 0.1 °C warmer than the previous summer. This
indicates a continuing trend of rising temperatures, driven primarily by human-induced
greenhouse gas emissions.
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5. Pollution
The problem of environmental pollution in Indonesia is increasingly concerning, especially
related to plastic waste, according to data from the National Waste Management Information
System (SIPSN) of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK) in 2022, the results of input
from 202 regencies/cities throughout Indonesia, stated that the amount of national waste
accumulation reached 21.1 million tons. Of the total national waste production, 65.71% (13.9
million tons) can be managed, while the remaining 34.29% (7.2 million tons) have not been
managed properly. The Brantas River in East Java is one of the most polluted rivers with
microplastics in Indonesia. Based on research by the 2022 Nusantara River Expedition, it was
recorded that this river contains 636 microplastic particles per 100 liters of water, with the main
pollutants coming from industrial waste and household waste.
In addition to Brantas, other rivers in Indonesia, such as in North Sumatra, West Sumatra,
Bangka Belitung, and Central Sulawesi, also experience high levels of microplastic pollution. Of
the 68 rivers studied, all were found to contain plastic contaminants at varying levels.
The Concept of Natural Resource Management (SDA) in the Qur'an according to Tafsir Al-
Misbah.
Nature has an important position in Islamic teachings, both in the Koran, Hadith and Ijma.
The Koran as the holy book of Muslims, the Hadith as the sayings and actions of the Prophet
Muhammad SAW, and Ijma as the consensus of ulama, all provide guidance regarding how
humans should understand and interact with nature.
Islam allows humans to cultivate and utilize natural resources to meet the needs of life and
improve human welfare. In the Qur'an Surah al-Baqarah verse 60, Allah has given His command
or permission for humans to utilize everything on this earth and forbids humans from causing
damage to it (natural resources).
Natural resources (SDA) are a vital aspect of human life that requires serious attention to
ensure the sustainability and welfare of humanity. The Qur'an, as the holy book of Muslims,
contains profound instructions and principles related to the management of (SDA). One of the
main concepts in the Qur'an related to the management of SDA is the concept of the caliphate.
This concept highlights the importance of environmental awareness and human moral
responsibility towards the universe as mentioned in QS. Al-Baqarah: 30.
Meaning: "Remember when your Lord said to the angels: 'Indeed, I will make a caliph
on the face of the earth.' They said: 'Why do you want to make (caliph) on earth
someone who will cause damage to it and shed blood, even though we always
glorify you by praising you and purifying you?' God says: 'Surely I know what
you do not know.'
This verse states that humans were created to be caliphs on earth where a caliph should be
able to guard and care for the earth and its contents so that they can be managed properly. Thus,
the utilization of available resources must be carried out proportionally and rationally in order to
meet the needs of all mankind while maintaining the sustainability of its ecosystem. The caliphate
itself emphasizes the principles of trust, responsibility, and balance in managing natural resources
(Siregar, 2020). Quraish Shihab explains the word caliph as "who replaces" or "who comes after
who came before", namely as a substitute for Allah in upholding His will and implementing His
provisions and replacing other creatures in inhabiting this earth. According to him, the caliphate
consists of two things, namely (1) the authority given by Allah to humans on this earth and must
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be carried out according to Allah's instructions and avoiding all His prohibitions, (2) territory
(earth) (Ministry of Religion, 2014).
Based on the analysis above, humans as caliphs in the view of Quraish Shihab are the authority
given by Allah to humans on earth and must be carried out in accordance with Allah's instructions
and avoid all His prohibitions and the caliphate that is carried out by every human being cannot
be carried out without the help of others. The task of humans on earth is none other than to preserve
the environment and utilize natural resources wisely according to their needs, not to exploit them.
So related to QS. Al_hud / 11:61, Quraish Shihab explains with good management of the earth so
that it can be used to build settlements, build mosques as places of worship, manage land for
gardening and agriculture and so on. According to him, humans in the position of caliphs have an
obligation to prosper and build the earth wisely, without exploiting and maintaining the earth as
desired by Allah.
The Quran strictly forbids humans from causing damage on earth, among others mentioned
in Surah al-'Araf verse 56 and ar-Rum verses 41-42. Tafsir al-Misbah explains that the prohibition
of acts of destruction emphasized in Surah Al'Araf verse 56 is one form of isyraf. The universe
and its creation were created by Allah SWT in good condition to meet the needs of creatures and
ordered humans to fix it. Allah sent the prophets to fix the life that was in disarray, so that
destroying it after being repaired is worse than before being repaired, and also destroying
something that is still in good condition is also prohibited. The prohibition of destruction covers
all areas. Such as: destroying other people's relationships, physical and spiritual, life and also
sources of livelihood (agriculture, trade, etc.), destroying the environment, and others. Allah SWT
created the earth based on all its advantages intended for humans so that it can be utilized as well
as possible with the aim of making humans prosperous. In the interpretation of Al-Misbah, it is
explained that damage to environmental sustainability occurs due to external factors caused by
human behavior in the form of physical, for example: global warming due to many glass buildings,
water pollution, floods, landslides and others. Then, there is also environmental damage due to
internal factors emphasized in Surah al-A'raf verse 78, explaining: natural damage caused by
earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes (Damage caused by nature itself) (Bashyroh,
& Mahmud, 2021).
So based on the analysis above which is sourced from Tafsir Al-Misbah according to Quraish
Shihab's view, it is emphasized that environmental damage that occurs on land or at sea is due to
two factors, namely: internal factors (nature itself) and external factors (human actions) in the
form of physical or non-physical damage (Budiana & Gandara, 2021). The Qur'an teaches the
importance of balance (moderation) in every aspect of life, including in the use of natural
resources, as indicated in QS. Al-Qasas: 77.
Meaning: "And, seek what Allah has bestowed upon you (rewards) in the land of the
afterlife, but do not forget your share in this world. Do good (to others) as Allah
has done good to you and do not cause harm on earth. Indeed, Allah does not
like those who do damage."
This verse emphasizes that humans must use natural resources wisely, not excessively, and
always consider the environmental impact. This principle encourages Muslims to take sustainable
steps in managing natural resources (Marlia et al., 2024). The Qur'an emphasizes the importance
of justice in the distribution of wealth, responsibility as a caliph on earth, prohibition of
environmental destruction and ethics in the use of natural resources. This principle offers
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guidelines for Muslims to carry out sustainable, just and blessed economic and environmental life
for all humanity and the universe. such as the Principle of Justice and Social Responsibility in Its
Management, Allah SWT says, QS.17.26:
Meaning: "And give to those near of kin their due, and to the needy and the wayfarer;
and do not squander (your wealth) wastefully."
This verse teaches that in managing natural resources, we must ensure that the benefits are
enjoyed fairly by all levels of society, including the less fortunate. This principle encourages fair
distribution of resources and avoids monopoly or excessive exploitation by certain parties. In
managing natural resources in accordance with and in line with the teachings of the Qur'an so that
the preservation of nature can be maintained and provide benefits to humans, there are several
steps that must be taken:
1. Justice in the distribution of wealth: in implementing this principle of justice, the
government or competent authority must adopt a policy of redistribution of wealth through
a fair tax system and social assistance to the needy. In addition, fundraising and zakat
(obligatory donations) can be used to help the less fortunate and improve their welfare.
2. Sustainable environmental management: the first step is to adopt the precautionary
principle in the use of natural resources, considering the impact on the environment and
trying to reduce the negative impacts, in addition environmentally friendly technology and
innovation in resource management must be supported and implemented.
3. Environmental education and awareness: society needs to be educated about the
importance of being an environmentalist and the values contained in the Quran regarding
the responsibility as a caliph on earth. Environmental education and awareness will
encourage collective awareness to protect nature and avoid destructive behavior.
4. Ethics in the use of natural resources: in practice ethics must be applied in the use of natural
resources. Industries and companies must operate in accordance with ethical principles and
avoid practices that damage nature and manage waste responsibly.
5. Supervision and law enforcement: the government or competent authority must ensure
strict supervision and law enforcement regarding natural resource management. This
includes monitoring companies or individuals who violate environmental rules and norms
and imposing sanctions on violators.
6. Collaboration and community participation: to achieve effective natural resource
management, collaboration between government, private sector, and community is
essential. Community participation in decision-making regarding natural resource
management will increase awareness and sustainability of environmental conservation
efforts.
7. Research and development: innovation in science-based natural resource management
should be supported and pursued. Research and development of green technologies and
best practices in natural resource management will help achieve sustainability and
efficiency.
8. Conservation and protection of strategic areas: areas with important biodiversity and
ecosystems must be strictly protected. The implementation of conservation areas and
nature preservation helps maintain the sustainability of the universe (Muhammad, 2022).
The government, society and the private sector must work together to maintain the balance of
nature and realize the welfare of humanity. All must be involved and play a role in order to achieve
a sustainable environment and provide a legacy of a preserved earth for future generations, in line
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with the teachings of the Qur'an which teaches love and care for the universe created by Allah
SWT. Muslims can take an active role in the global environmental movement by promoting
Islamic values that emphasize responsibility, balance and justice (Azzahra and Maysithoh, 2024).
The Relevance of Management Concepts (Natural Resources) Taught in the Quran
Allah SWT created the earth based on all its advantages intended for humans so that it can be
utilized as well as possible with the aim of making humans prosperous. and Ar-Rum verses 41-
42, In the interpretation of Al-Misbah it is explained that damage to environmental sustainability
occurs due to external factors caused by human behavior in the form of physical, for example:
global warming due to many glass buildings, water pollution, floods, landslides and others. Then,
there is also environmental damage due to internal factors emphasized in Surah al-A'raf verse 78,
explaining: natural damage caused by earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes
(Damage caused by nature itself). So based on the analysis above which comes from the
Interpretation of Al-Misbah according to Quraish Shihab's view, it emphasizes that environmental
damage that occurs on land or at sea is due to two factors, namely: due to internal factors (nature
itself) and external factors (human actions) in the form of physical or non-physical damage.
Climate Change: Global Warming: The increase in the average temperature of the earth caused by
increased emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and
nitrous oxide (N2O) from human activities. Changing Weather Patterns: Phenomena such as
floods, droughts, storms, and heat waves that are becoming more frequent and intense.
Allah SWT has arranged in the Qur'an Surah al-Maidah verses 33-34 so that humans can
protect the earth and not damage it. In the interpretation of Al-Misbah according to Quraish
Shihab, the verses of Surah al-Maidah verses 33-34 as believers should be wiser in using resources
that come from nature that have been provided by Allah SWT in such a way and we should protect
the natural environment and not damage it:
Here are some things that must be done to maintain the sustainability and balance of nature:
1. Maintaining the Balance of the Human Soul: The balance of the human soul is an important
key in every matter, humans can act and do something based on law or by thinking
maturely and comprehensively. Islam clearly regulates the balance of the soul, including
monotheism. Monotheism is the center point of the theological doctrine of the
environment, because the universe (environment) is a manifestation of Allah.
2. Maintaining Food Chain Stability: Maintaining food chain stability is very necessary to
keep the ecosystem balanced. With a balanced ecosystem, we can also get food easily,
because food is the most important component to be maintained and preserved to meet the
needs of all creatures on this earth.
3. Maintaining the Water Cycle: Water is a vital part of life. With water plants can grow, with
water animals can drink and with water humans can do many things, such as cooking,
drinking, bathing and washing, even for other life needs which can be electricity. By
maintaining the balance of the water cycle and its cleanliness also means maintaining life.
4. Maintaining Atmospheric Stability: Currently, there is a lot of CO2 pollution that can
damage the ozone layer. Damage to the atmosphere is very dangerous for the survival of
living things. Because damage to the atmosphere can cause a food crisis.
5. Planting Trees and Maintaining Soil Fertility: Planting trees on a land will provide benefits
to nature. Among them can provide food, reduce CO2 so that the environment becomes
cooler and more comfortable because it can maintain the oxygen and water cycle in the
soil. This can protect many lives, apart from humans there are also animals that live in the
soil, so they can fertilize the soil.
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6. Protecting Special Conservation Areas: The meaning of a special area is an area that can
play a role in maintaining the sustainability of the ecosystem, economy and society. This
area has been regulated by the government and approved by the community. With the
protection in this special area, the environment can be better protected because there are
regulations that must be obeyed.
Istinbath Environmental Sustainability Law
In relation to preserving the environment (hifzul biah), the Qur'an mentions the principles of
environmental conservation and environmental reform, such as the prohibition of destruction
(Surah al-A'raf: 56 and Surah al-Baqarah: 205), prohibition of excess/isyraf (Surah Ali Imran: 14,
al-Fajr: 19 and al-Isra: 27) and prohibition of waste (Al-Isra: 27). However, so far the punishment
for the perpetrators of destruction has not been explained. Then, the prohibition of destruction on
earth in the Qur'an aims to maintain 5 important components, such as: Soul, religion, reason,
descendants and property (maqashid syari'ah) (Suryani, 2017). Environmental destruction is an
act prohibited by religion and those who destroy the environment are entitled to receive
punishment. There is a verse prohibiting destruction on earth which is regulated in Surah al-Araf
verse 56. The prohibition of destroying the earth is explained in Surah al-Araf verse 56 in the form
of nahi (forbidden). The rules of Usul are read "al-ashl fian-nahy lil-tahrim" (the original
prohibition is Haram). From here it can be understood that all forms of destruction on earth are
haram and forbidden. It is forbidden to destroy souls, spirits, descendants, property, or religion.
Punish exploitation and destruction of the environment. The Qur'an says that those who eliminate
Allah and His Messenger will be punished, which is emphasized in the Qur'an:
Meaning: "Indeed, the only retribution for those who fight against Allah and His
Messenger and cause mischief on the face of the earth, is that they be killed or
crucified, or have their hands and feet cut off in reciprocity, or be thrown out of
the land (where they live). such things are (as) a humiliation for them in this
world, and in the afterlife they will suffer a great torment." (QS al-Maidah: 33).
In this verse, Allah associates the punishment of people who cause disaster on earth with
people who eliminate Allah and His Messenger. Ta'zir is the only punishment that is acceptable
when the damage done does not cause much damage. However, if the act has consequences as
serious as the death penalty. Because, according to Fiqh, such acts are serious crimes and the
perpetrators deserve to be killed.
In Indonesia, there are regulations that regulate the community to maintain environmental
sustainability as regulated by Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and
Management. Environmental preservation in this Law is regulated in Article 67 concerning
environmental protection and environmental management which states: "Everyone is responsible
for maintaining the sustainability of environmental functions and controlling environmental
pollution or destruction". There are also regulations that regulate the community to maintain the
sustainability of the marine environment, which are regulated in Government Regulation Number
19 of 1999 concerning Control of Marine Pollution and / or Destruction, in Article 13 it is
explained "Every person or person in charge of a business and / or activity is prohibited from
carrying out acts that can cause marine destruction
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4. Conclusion
Natural resource management (SDA) according to the Qur'an from the perspective of
environmental issues, as studied in Tafsir Al-Misbah by M. Quraish Shihab, emphasizes the
principles of justice, balance, responsibility, and sustainability. Because in today's era with many
environmental damage issues that occur are caused by humans. In their lives, humans cannot be
separated from nature, either as a place to live, a source of sustenance, or also as a means of
worship to Allah. Humans on earth as caliphs are obliged to maintain the balance of the universe
that Allah created. The government also regulates to maintain environmental preservation as
regulated in Government Regulation Number 19 of 1999 concerning Control of Pollution and / or
Destruction of the Sea and Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Protection and Management of
the Environment. According to Quraish Shihab, the factors that cause environmental damage are
caused by 2 factors, which consist of: internal and external factors. Factors caused by human
behavior are physical, for example: Global warming due to many glass buildings, water pollution,
floods, landslides and others. While internal factors of natural damage caused by natural factors
themselves that cannot be prevented, for example: earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions,
tornadoes and others.
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