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Decisions of Women and Society's Elite "Review of
Alqur'an Verses (Perspective of Fii Zilalil Qur'an's
Interpretation)"
Suryani Ihsan
a ,1
, Amroeni Drajat
b,2
a,b
North Sumatra State Islamic University, Medan, Indonesia
1
2
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article History:
Accepted: 1 August 2024
Revised: 19 August
Approved: 03 September 2024
Available Online: 04 September 2024
This study aims to explore and analyze the theme of women's deceit and the
elite of society presented in the Qur'an, using an interpretive approach from
Tafsir Fii Zhilalil Qur'an by Sayyid Qutb. Through this interpretive study, the
researcher seeks to understand how the Qur'an describes the character and
strategies used by women and the elite of society in the context of deceit, as
well as the moral and social implications contained therein. This study uses
a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach to examine
relevant verses and interpret their meanings in historical, social, and cultural
contexts. The results of the study show that the Qur'an acknowledges the
existence of women's deceit as a diverse phenomenon, both carried out by
women and the elite of society, and teaches humans to recognize and
overcome such deceit through wisdom and strong faith.
Keywords:
Deception
Woman
Elite Society
©2024, Suryani Ihsan, Amroeni Drajat
This is an open access article under CC BY -SA license
1. Introduction
Deception, as one of the social phenomena that crosses various cultures and eras, has become
the subject of deep attention in various fields of research. In this context, the aspect of deception
carried out by women and the elite of society is the focus of this study. In human civilization, The
role of women and the elite of society is often the subject of complex debate, especially when
associated with the concept of deceit. Therefore, through this study, we will investigate the
Qur'anic view on this phenomenon, by exploring the perspective contained in the Tafsir Fii Zhilalil
Qur 'an.
Understanding deception in the context of the Qur'an is relevant because the Qur'an is not only
a spiritual guide, but also contains wisdom and guidance in living a social life. In this process, we
will use the Tafsir Fii Zhilalil Qu'ran as the main guide to understanding the verses of the Qur'an
related to deception. Tafsir Fii Zhilalil Qur'an, a monumental work by Sayyid Qutb, has provided
deep insights into various aspects of social life within the framework of Islamic teachings.
Previous studies from various journals revealed that Aneu's research (Indayanti, 2022)
reviewed the approach in Tafsir Fii Zhilalil Qur'an by Sayyid Quthb, including textual, contextual,
linguistic, historical, and socio-historical approaches, with a focus on literary and descriptive-
interpretive aspects (Indayanti, 2022). (Roni & Anzaikhan, 2022) highlighted the concept of bai'ah
in Tafsir Fii Zilalil Qur'an by Sayyid Quthb, which emphasizes loyalty to religion and state from
the dimensions of monotheism and piety (Roni & Anzaikhan, 2022). Meanwhile, research
(Misbahar, 2020) discusses the moral message in the story of the Prophet Yusuf from the
perspective of Buya Hamka in Tafsir Al-Azhar and Sayyid Qutub in Tafsir Fii Zilalil Qur'an, with
a focus on the value of truth, steadfastness and da'wah (Misbahar, 2020).
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One important aspect of deception practiced by women and elites in society is how it affects
the dynamics of social relations and power structures. In societies that have particular views on
gender and social class, deception is often used as a tool to maintain or enhance social position
and power. Through Tafsir Fii Zilalil Qur'an, we can identify behavioral patterns and strategies of
deception that women and elites in society may employ in this context.
Historical and social contexts play an important role in understanding the Qur'an's view of
deception. In society, there is a negative view of women as deceivers or manipulators, and the elite
of society are often seen as power holders who exploit their power for personal or group interests.
However, the Qur'an as a source of Islamic teachings offers a deeper and more nuanced view
regarding this (Mubarokah, 2021).
In understanding the deceit of women and the elite of society in the context of the Qur'an, it
is important to recognize that the Qur'an presents a complex picture of gender roles and social
structures. The Qur'an not only emphasizes the equality of all human beings before God, but also
places equal moral responsibility on everyone, regardless of their gender or social status.
Tafsir Fii Zilalil Qur'an by Sayyid Qutb is the center of attention in this study. This
monumental work provides a deep understanding of concepts such as justice, honesty, and
integrity in the context of Qur'anic verses relating to deception. Through this approach, we can
explore how Islam views deceptive behavior, both carried out by women and by the elite of society,
as well as how the teachings of this religion emphasize the importance of social justice and equality
among all humans. This will help in exploring the deeper meaning of the Qur'anic verses related
to deception.
This research is not only about identifying the verses of the Qur'an that touch on deception,
but also explores the meaning contained therein, as well as its practical implications in everyday
life. The phenomenon of deception carried out by women and elites in society raises various
questions, including how the Qur'an describes and responds to this behavior, and how Islam views
the role of gender and social class in this context.
Thus, this study has significant relevance in the social and religious context, as it not only
explores new understandings of the Qur'anic verses related to deception, but also contributes to
broader thinking about the role of women and elites in shaping just and sustainable social
structures. Through the combination of analytical and interpretive approaches, it is hoped that this
study can provide valuable contributions to our understanding of social dynamics from an Islamic
perspective.
2. Method
This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical approach (Sidiq & Choiri,
2019). This approach was chosen because it allows researchers to conduct an in-depth analysis of
the theme of fraud presented in the Qur'an, especially through the interpretation of Tafsir Fii Zilalil
Qur'an by Sayyid Qutb. The descriptive approach allows researchers to describe the character and
strategies of deception carried out by women and the elite of society as depicted in the text of the
Qur'an. Meanwhile, an analytical approach is used to analyze the moral and social implications
contained in the theme of fraud (Lestari & Vera, 2021). The research data were taken from verses
of the Qur'an that are relevant to the theme of fraud, as well as interpretations of their meaning in
historical, social, and cultural contexts, as explained in Tafsir Fii Zilalil Qur'an. The data collection
process was carried out through a comprehensive and systematic literature study related to the
theme of fraud, both from the Qur'an and its interpretations.
The data analysis technique was carried out manually, where the relevant verses of the Qur'an
were studied in depth, and the interpretation and analysis were recorded. Next, these findings were
studied and linked to the views outlined in Tafsir Fii Zilalil Qur'an to gain a more comprehensive
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understanding. This research also refers to a hermeneutic approach to understanding the text of the
Qur'an and its interpretation. This approach allows researchers to interpret texts in depth, explore
implicit meanings, and relate historical contexts to contemporary contexts. Through this method,
it is hoped that research can provide a deeper understanding of the theme of deception involving
women and societal elites from the perspective of the Al-Qur'an and Tafsir Fii Zilalil Qur'an.
3. Results and Discussion
Women's Deceit in Islam
Deception, or in Arabic known as al-makr, is a complex phenomenon that often involves the
use of clever, cunning, or dishonest strategies or tactics to achieve certain goals. In the context of
Islam, especially emphasized in the verses of the Qur'an, deception used in an unethical or
detrimental manner is not recommended. For example, the Qur'an in Surah Ali Imran verse 54
states that although humans devise deception, Allah also devises deception, with Allah being
considered the best of the interpreters of deception.
Meaning: "And they (the disbelievers) plotted deception, then Allah retaliated against the
deception. And Allah is the best avenger of deceit." (QS. Ali Imran: 54).
Tafsir Fii Zilalil Qur'an by Sayyid Qutb provides an in-depth perspective on social
phenomena, including the use of deception. Qutb asserts that the practice of deception, whether
by women or men, aimed at gaining personal gain or for unjust purposes, can damage social justice
and disturb the balance of society. This reminds Muslims to always act honestly and avoid
deceptive practices that are not in accordance with Islamic moral principles.
Understanding women's deception also emphasizes the importance of fairness, transparency,
and openness in social interactions. The public is encouraged to raise awareness of the values of
integrity and ethics, and to understand the consequences of using deception. In-depth education
about these values is important to ensure that every individual can interact ethically and
responsibly in everyday life.
The verses of the Qur'an teach that all forms of deception carried out with bad intentions or
to harm other people cannot be justified in the view of Islam. Instead, Muslims are taught to act
with honesty, transparency and justice in all aspects of life. As stated in Surah An-Nisa verse 135,
Allah states:
Meaning: “O you who believe! Be upholders of justice, witnesses for Allah, even if it be
against yourselves or your parents and relatives. If he (the accused) is rich or
poor, then Allah knows best what is in his best interest. So do not follow your
desires because you want to deviate from the truth. And if you distort (the words)
or refuse to be witnesses, then know that Allah is All-Aware of what you do.”
(QS. An-Nisa verse 135).
This verse emphasizes the importance of justice in all things and asserts that there is no place
for deceit or unfair treatment in Islam. In Sayyid Qutb's work, the interpretation of the Qur'an not
only provides a complete understanding of the texts of the Qur'an, but also relates the moral and
social messages contained therein to the context of modern life. Qutb highlights that in any
situation, whether in personal relationships, the work environment, or in the wider social structure,
the principles of honesty and integrity should be the main guidelines (Irsad et al., 2024).
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Then the Qur'an also emphasizes that deception carried out to harm others or deceive with
improper personal goals is an act that is not recommended. Allah SWT says in Surah Al-Baqarah
verse 204, which means (Sayyid Quthb, 2004):
Meaning: "And among mankind is he whose speech about the life of this world pleases
you (O Muhammad), and he bears witness to Allah regarding what is in his
heart, while he is the most vehemently opposed." (QS. Al-Baqarah: 204).
The importance of this understanding in today's social and cultural context cannot be
overstated. Education regarding moral and ethical values must be emphasized as an integral part
of individual and societal development. This not only helps prevent the misuse of deception, but
also leads to the formation of a character that is strong and responsible in interacting with other
human beings (Rangkuti, 2023).
By understanding the teachings of the Qur'an and following the example taught by the Prophet
Muhammad SAW, Muslims are expected to be able to create a social environment that is just,
respectful, and free from immoral deceptive practices. So that education and public awareness
about the dangers of deception and Islamic moral values need to be further improved. With a deep
understanding of religious and ethical principles, it is hoped that Muslims can avoid deceptive
practices and live a life that is blessed and beneficial to others and society at large.
Elite Society In Islam
Elites are defined as a small segment of society that often holds important positions in the
political, economic, cultural, or social spheres of a society. They may include political leaders,
businessmen, lawyers, prominent academics, or wealthy families with broad access to resources
and opportunities. In many cases, their power and influence influence public policy, legal
arrangements, and the socio-economic direction of a country.
However, the role of societal elites is not homogeneous. There is great variation in their
values, goals, and impact on society as a whole. Some elites may use their power to promote social
justice and the common good, while others may be more focused on maintaining or expanding
their own wealth and influence. The Qur'anic perspective, as explained in Tafsir Fii Zilalil Qur'an,
highlights the importance of moral integrity and social responsibility for those with power and
influence (Juwita, 2018). Criticism of societal elites often includes accusations that they tend to
uphold personal interests and privileges above the public interest. This can result in greater social
inequality, injustice, and instability in society. In this context, the Qur'an reminds Muslims to
practice justice in all things, including in the distribution of resources and political decisions.
Efforts to address inequality and elite power often involve advocating for greater
transparency, accountability, and participation of the broader public in decision-making processes.
This includes reforms to limit oligarchic dominance and to increase inclusiveness and equality of
access to opportunities and resources.
Elites in society also have the advantage of access to mass media and other communication
channels, which allows them to influence public opinion and narratives that support their interests.
This power can be used to strengthen elite positions and advantages in society, as well as to
influence election outcomes, public policy, and overall political culture.
However, no power lasts forever. Political, social, and economic changes can substantially
alter the dynamics of elite power and influence. These changes can present challenges for elites to
adapt to the demands of a society that increasingly demands transparency, accountability, and
inclusiveness.
From an Islamic perspective, the Qur'an provides various instructions and guidelines
regarding various aspects of social life, including regarding the elite of society. The following are
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several verses from the Qur'an that are relevant to the theme of elite society, seen from the
perspective of Sayyid Qutb's Tafsir Fii Zilalil Qur'an:’
Meaning: "O children and grandchildren of Adam! Wear your nice clothes every time
you (enter) the mosque, eat and drink, but don't overdo it. Indeed, Allah does
not like people who exaggerate." (QS. Al-A'raf:31).
This verse shows the importance of modesty in dress and behavior, even for those who may
have advantages or high social status. This modesty is a value that is encouraged in Islam for all,
including the elite of society.
Meaning: "Indeed, Karun was among the people of Musa, but he treated them unjustly,
and We have bestowed upon him a treasury whose keys were truly heavy for a
number of strong men to bear. (Remember) when his people said to him, Do not
be too proud. Indeed, Allah does not like people who boast." (QS. Al-Qasas:
76).
This verse reflects criticism of the elite of society who use their power and wealth to oppress
and exceed limits, which is not in accordance with Islamic values.
Meaning: "Indeed, We have sent down the Book of the Torah; in it (there is) guidance
and light. With this book, the prophets who submitted to Allah gave judgment
on the matters of the Jews, as did their scholars and priests, because they were
commanded to keep Allah's books and they were witnesses to them. Therefore
do not be afraid of people, (but) fear Me. And do not sell My verses cheaply.
Whoever does not decide with what Allah has sent down, then they are the
disbelievers." (QS. Al-Ma'idah: 44).
In order to ensure that the interests of the wider community are fairly considered, it is
important for the community to critique and evaluate the role and power of the elite. A deep
understanding of Islamic moral values, as taught in the Qur'an and its interpretations, helps in
directing the role of the elite towards social justice and the common good. Thus, efforts to promote
justice, integrity, and greater public participation are expected to result in a more just and equitable
society for all individuals.
Tafsir Fi Zhilalil Quran by Sayyid Qutb
Sayyid Qutb's Tafsir Fii Zilalil Qur'an is a monumental work in the modern tafsir tradition
that presents an in-depth approach to the verses of the Qur'an that are relevant to today. In the
context of deception against women and the elite of society, Qutb offers a rich view of Islamic
values, namely morality, justice and respect for prevailing social values.
In Sayyid Qutb's interpretation, the Qur'an is emphasized as the main guideline that teaches
honesty and integrity in all aspects of life. One example that is often cited by Qutb is the story of
the Prophet Yusuf AS, which is contained in Surah Yusuf (12th Surah, verses 23-29) (Qutb, 2004).
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This story provides in-depth lessons about morals, honesty and justice in social interactions,
including in the context of deception perpetrated against women or anyone (Pakiding, 2023).
Meaning: "And the woman (Zulaikha) in whose house Yusuf lived tempted Yusuf to submit
himself (to her) and she closed the doors, saying: "Come here." Yusuf said: "I
seek refuge in Allah, indeed my master has treated me well." Indeed, unjust
people will not be lucky." (QS. Yusuf: 23).
Meaning: "Indeed, she intended (to do this) with Yusuf, and Yusuf intended (to do it too)
with her if he had not seen the sign (from) his Lord. That was so that We might
turn away from him evil and abomination. Indeed, Yusuf was including Our
chosen servants.” (QS. Yusuf: 24).
Meaning: And both of them raced towards the door and the woman pulled Yusuf's robe
from behind until it was torn and both of them found the woman's husband at
the door. The woman said: "What is the recompense for a man who intends to
commit adultery with your wife, other than imprisonment? or (punished) with
a painful punishment?” (QS. Yusuf: 25).
Meaning: "Yusuf said: "She tempted me to submit myself (to her)", and a witness from
the woman's family testified: "If his robe is torn from the front, then the woman
is telling the truth and Yusuf is one of the liars." (QS. Yusuf: 26) (Misbahar,
2020).
Meaning: "And if his robe is torn at the back, then she is a liar, and Yusuf is one of the
truthful." (QS. Yusuf: 27).
Meaning: So when the woman's husband saw that Yusuf's robe was torn at the back, he
said: "Indeed (the incident) is one of your deceptions, indeed your deception is
great." (QS. Yusuf: 28).
Meaning: (O) Yusuf: "Turn away from this, and (you, my wife) ask forgiveness for your
sin, because you are truly one of those who do wrong." (QS. Yusuf: 29).
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In his interpretation, Qutb emphasized that the story of Prophet Yusuf illustrates the
importance of honesty and the strength of faith in facing temptations and deceit in everyday life.
For Qutb, Prophet Yusuf's rejection of the woman's seduction shows that in Islam, truth and justice
must be upheld even in the face of pressure or temptation from anyone, including in interactions
between women and men (Nurazizah et al., 2022).
Qutb also highlighted that the use of cunning or dishonest strategies to achieve personal goals
or certain interests is an act that is contrary to the moral principles of Islam which places truth as
the main value. Moral integrity and honesty are pillars in building a just and harmonious society
in accordance with the teachings of the Qur'an and Sunnah.
In his interpretation, Qutb quotes verses from the Qur'an that emphasize the importance of
honesty in communicating and interacting with fellow human beings. For example, the verse
emphasizes that Allah SWT does not like people who cheat or deceive in religious, social, or
economic matters (Al-Baqarah: 188). This reflects the Islamic view that rejects all forms of
manipulation or deception, including in the context of elite society or deception by women.
Meaning: "And do not let some of you consume the property of others among you in a
false way and (do not) bring (the affairs of) that property to the judge, so that
you can consume part of the property of others by (doing) sin. , even though you
know." (QS. Al-Baqarah: 188).
Qutb also taught that leaders or elites of society, who have great power and influence in
society, have great moral responsibilities. They must act transparently, fairly and with integrity in
their decision-making and actions. The use of deception to maintain or expand personal power,
according to Qutb, is a behavior that is prohibited in Islam because it is detrimental to society as
a whole.
In his analysis, Qutb may also highlight that deception of women or elites of society is often
the cause of social injustice and economic inequality. For example, elites of society who use their
wealth and power to manipulate markets or public policies can lead to greater inequality in society.
This is contrary to the goal of Islam to build a just and fair society for all individuals regardless of
their social or economic status (Roni & Anzaikhan, 2022).
From the perspective of the interpretation of the Qur'an by Tafsir Fii Zilalil Qur'an, Qutb may
also underline the importance of moral and spiritual education in Islamic society. This education
should prioritize values such as honesty, integrity, and social responsibility as a foundation for
individuals, including women and the elite of society, to contribute positively to building a better
society (Anggara et al., 2023).
In addition, Qutb may have highlighted that women in Islam have a vital role in building a
moral and just society. They should not use deceit or cunning strategies to achieve personal goals,
but should act in accordance with Islamic values that emphasize equality, justice, and respect
between people.
Thus, Sayyid Qutb's "Tafsir Fii Zilalil Qur'an" provides an in-depth and comprehensive view
of how Islam views the problem of fraud against women and the elite of society. Qutb emphasized
that the teachings of the Koran and Islamic values teach its followers to live a moral and ethical
life, by rejecting all forms of manipulation or deception in social, political and economic
interactions. Therefore, its interpretation provides strong guidance for Muslims, including women
and society's elite, to live according to religious teachings and contribute positively to the
development of a just and harmonious society.
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4. Conclusion
Honesty and Integrity in Islam: The Qur'an firmly teaches the importance of honesty and
integrity in all aspects of life. Deceit, whether by women or the elite of society, is a behavior that
is contrary to religious values that place truth and justice as the main principles. Stories in the
Qur'an: Stories such as the story of Prophet Yusuf show how deceit and temptation can be faced
with the strength of faith and honesty. Prophet Yusuf refused to engage in deceit even when faced
with great temptation, asserting that adhering to moral principles is more important than fulfilling
personal desires.
Tafsir Fii Zhilalil Quran: Sayyid Qutb in his tafsir emphasizes that deception and
manipulation to achieve personal goals or certain interests are behaviors that are not recommended
in Islam. Qutb highlights the importance of justice, transparency, and integrity in actions and
decisions, especially for leaders and elites of society who have great influence in society.
Educational and Awareness Approach: Islam teaches the need for moral education and awareness
of the consequences of deceitful actions. This includes education about values such as honesty,
justice, and mutual respect for individual rights. Just and Harmonious Society: In Islam, building
a just and harmonious society requires respect for high moral and ethical values. Deception can
threaten social stability and exacerbate injustice if left unchecked. Thus, this review emphasizes
that Islam calls for avoiding deception and promoting integrity in all social interactions. The
deception of women and elites of society should be seen as an opportunity to remind ourselves of
the values espoused in the Islamic religion, which places honesty and justice as the main
foundations in building a just and harmonious society.
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