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ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF E-TENDER PRE-DIPA
PROCUREMENT OF GOODS/SERVICES AT THE GENERAL BUREAU OF THE
SECRETARIAT GENERAL OF THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH
Novianita Rulandari
1*
, Kenang Supriadi
2
1, 2
Institut Ilmu Sosial dan Manajemen STIAMI
*Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine the Implementation of the Pre-DIPA e-tender for Procurement of
Goods/Services at the General Bureau of the Secretariat General of the Ministry of Health so that it
is hoped that appropriate steps can be formulated in implementing the Pre-DIPA e-tender, problems
and efforts made by Presidential Regulation Number 16 of 2018 concerning Government
Procurement of Goods/Services. The research method used in this research is quantitative research.
The sampling technique uses data sources from 5 informants. Data collection techniques in this
study used observation, interview, and documentation techniques. This research procedure includes
the stages before in the field, while in the field, and data analysis. Data analysis was carried out by
collecting data, reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the
research, leadership factors, quality of human resources, planning and management, policies and
regulations, system integration, and infrastructure and standardization it can be concluded that the
implementation of the e-tender pre-DIPA Procurement of Goods/Services at the General Bureau
has been going quite well, there are still problems with server down due to frequent maintenance or
updating of the system from LKPP. The suggestion is to communicate more intensively with LKPP
to reduce server disturbances.
Keyword: E-Procurement; E-Tender; Pre-DIP
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 CC BY-SA International License.
INTRODUCTION
The need for implementation-based governancee-Governance At present it is one of
the demands of the public to get fast, cheap, and quality services. Because so far the
services provided by the government are still considered unable to fully satisfy the public.
This public dissatisfaction can be seen based on the data released by the research
conducted by the Partnership in the form of the Indonesia Governance Index (IGI) which
was released in 2012. Based on the results of this study it can be seen that the quality of
government administration in Indonesia is still relatively low. 13).
One form of innovation based governancee-Governance which is almost entirely
through the use of information and communication technology (IT) is in the process of
procuring government goods and services or known as procurement. Policy
implementatione-Procurement in Indonesia began in 2006 marked by Electronic
Procurement Services (LPSE) developed by the Development Center for Procurement of
Goods/Services - Bappenas in 2006 according to Presidential Instruction number 5 of 2004
concerning the Acceleration of Corruption Eradication (Nurlukman, 2017). Bute-
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Procurement in the form of a new government program started in 2008 with the creation of
INAPROC, which is a systeme-Procurement nationally, to obtain and provide goods and
services electronically.
According to (Novitaningrum, 2014), procurement is an activity to obtain goods or
services in a transparent, effective, and efficient manner to the needs and desires of its
users. E-procurement can be interpreted as a website-based application for the procurement
of goods and services (Arsyad et al., 2016). In this e-procurement application, the entire
auction process is raised, starting from the announcement, bidding, and selection, to the
announcement of the auction winners online via the LPSE website (Khairina, 2022). E-
Procurement The public sector has similarities with the private system (Andriana, 2021).
Firstly, it tries to find the goods/services needed at low prices and acceptable, in other
words, the specifications and quality are acceptable to the public. The National
Procurement Agency is the Agency responsible for OperationsE-Procurement namely the
Public Procurement Policy Institute (LKPP) is an institution responsible for the
procurement of public goods/services, Study (Benitha, 2019).
The implementation of electronic procurement of goods/services at the Ministry of
Health has been running since 2010 with the issuance of Minister of Health Regulation
Number 462/Menkes/Per/IV/2010 concerning Electronic Procurement of Goods/Services
within the Ministry of Health. Whereas the General Bureau in 2011 had just implemented
the procurement of goods/services electronically by the Regulation of the Minister of
Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1893/Menkes/Per/IX/2011 Concerning the
Service Unit for Procurement of Goods/Services within the Ministry of Health where in the
regulation has decided the ULP Main Unit for the Secretariat General and Inspectorate
General domiciled in the General Bureau.
Packages of goods/ services providers in the Procurement of Goods/Services within
the Ministry of Health can be seen as follows:
Table 1. Ministry of Health RUP recapitulation
No.
Facing
Provider
Selfmanage
Provider In Self-
Management
Package
PAGU
(Millions)
Package
Package
PAGU
(Millions)
1.
2017
12.184
15.997.418
4541
1213
132.143
2.
2018
13.055
17.618.659
4904
1178
141.636
3.
2019
15.055
16.392.911
5152
2304
108.182
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4.
2020
15.308
20.799.644
3733
1211
82.123
5.
2021
15.580
62.099.748
2142
788
109.407
Source: National
From the table above it can be seen:
1. Package providers which are business entities/individuals that provide
jobs/goods/services within the Ministry of Health will increase the number of packages
by 1.8% in 2021 and the budget ceiling is 198% in 2021.
2. Self-managed packages where goods/services procurement activities are planned,
implemented, and supervised by the government agency responsible for the budget,
other government agencies, or by community groups have decreased by 42.6% in the
number of packages and 28.8% in the total budget in 2021.
3. Providers in self-management experienced a 34.9% decrease in the number of packages
but an increase of 33.2% in the number of budgets in 2021.
From the recapitulation data of the Ministry of Health's RUP in Table I.1
Recapitulation of the Ministry of Health's RUP where there are packages for goods/service
providers within the General Bureau Work Unit, it can be seen as follows:
Table 2. Recapitulation of RUP General Bureau of Secretariat General of the
Ministry of Health
No.
Facing
Provider
Selfmanage
Provider In Self-
Management
Package
PAGU
(Millions)
Package
PAGU
(Millions)
Package
PAGU
(Millions)
1.
2017
84
32.893
259
30.205
5
2.256
2.
2018
103
67.991
740
55.048
7
2.357
3.
2019
133
59.728
324
20.220
0
0
4.
2020
112
59.593
0
0
0
0
5.
2021
79
60.833
0
0
0
0
Source: National Package Recap (lkpp.go.id)
Based on the data above, provider packages have decreased by 29.5% in the number
of packages, but even though the number of packages has decreased, the budget ceiling has
increased by 2.1% in 2021 indicating a phenomenon surrounding the procurement of
goods/services.
From Table I.2 Recapitulation of the RUP General Bureau of the General Secretariat
of the Ministry of Health can be broken down as follows:
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Table 3. Ministry of Health Secretariat General Bureau Provider Package
No.
Facing
Tender
Direct
Appointment
Direct
Procuremen
t
Epurc
Hasing
Number Of
Provider
Packages
1.
2017
17 Packages
1 Package
16 Packages
50 Packages
84 Package
2.
2018
28 Packages
9 Packages
34 Packages
32 Packages
103 Package
3.
2019
15 Packages
11 Packages
79 Packages
28 Packages
133 Package
4.
2020
12 Packages
15 Packages
65 Packages
20 Packages
112 Package
5.
2021
10 Packages
10 Packages
50 Packages
9 Packages
79 Package
Source:https://sirup.lkpp.go.id/sirup/ro/penyedia/kldi/K9
The phenomenon of a decrease in the number of provider packages from 112
packages to 79 packages in 2021 is partly due to the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic which
has caused delays in procurement packages. While the work package carried out pre-DIPA,
among others, can be seen in the following table:
Table 4. List of Pre-DIPA E-Tenders at the General Bureau
No.
Package Name
A Lot Tender/Re-Tender
HPS
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
1.
Procurement of
Building
Management
Cleaning
Services
1
1
1
2
1
7 M
8,5
M
1
0,7
M
1
3,7
M
1
2,9
M
2.
Procurement of
Building
Management
Landscaping
Services
1
2
1
1
1
1,6
M
2,4
M
2,7
M
3,1
M
3,4
M
3.
Support
Services for
Services
1
1
1
4
1
3,2
M
3,8
M
5,4
M
4,9
M
5,9
M
4.
Security
Services
2
1
2
1
1
5,9
M
8 M
10 M
1
2,7
M
1
5,9
M
5.
Maintenance
and
Maintenance of
Mechanical
Electrical
2
1
2
1
3
1,1
M
972,5
Jt
1 M
1,1
M
1,1
M
6.
Maintenance
and
Maintenance of
System
Equipment Air
Conditioner
5
3
3
2
1
707,
5 Jt
1,4
M
818
Jt
818,
4 Jt
797,
4 Jt
Source: lpse.kemkes.go.id/eproc4
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An important figure in government procurement of goods/services is the
Commitment Making Officer (PPK). Heni Marlina in the doctrinal law journal Vol. 5
Number 2 of 2020 Commitment Making Officials, hereinafter abbreviated as PPK, are
officials who are authorized by the Budget User/Budget User Authority to make decisions
and/or take actions that may result in the expenditure of the state budget/regional budget.
In general, the appointment of a PPK is made after the DPA for goods/services
procurement activities is approved/validated. If a pre-DPA tender is held, then the question
arises as to who is the appointed PPK to carry out preparatory activities for the selection of
goods/services providers such as carrying out packaging reviews, compiling job
specifications, and compiling HPS? The implementation of the pre-DPA tender cannot be
carried out if the PPK has not been appointed for the activity for which there is an
allocation for procurement of goods/services (Eko Hery Winarno, Volume 28 of 2017). In
the General Bureau Work Unit of the General Secretariat of the Ministry of Health, several
appointments have been made for Commitment Making Officers (PPK), as shown in the
following data:
Table 5. Commitment Making Officer in the General Bureau
No.
Facing
Total PPK
No SK KPA
Date
1.
2017
5 PPK
HK.02.04/4/252/2016
December 29, 2016
2.
2018
6 PPK
HK.02.03/4/93/2017
December 21, 2017
3.
2019
6 PPK
HK.02.03/4/123/2018
December 14, 2018
4.
2020
6 PPK
HK.02.03/4/705/2019
25 November 2019
5.
2021
6 PPK
HK.02.03/4/499/2020
30 November 2020
Source: General Secretariat General Bureau of the Ministry of Health
Based on the background above, as well as pre-research observations and interviews,
problems were identified that occurred in the process of implementing e-tender pre-dipa
procurement of goods/services through-Procurement at the General Bureau as follows:
1. It was discovered that several pre-dipa work/procurement packages had failed to
tender and caused delays in signing contracts. Based on observations made by
researchers, it was found that work/procurement packages that must be available or
work must be carried out as of January 1, 2021, include: Building Management
Services Cleanliness, Landscaping Service Building Management, Management
Building Support Services, Building Management Services Security, Procurement of
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Supporting Buildings; Maintenance and Air Conditioning System Maintenance,
andProcurement Supporting Building; Maintenance and Mechanical Maintenance
Electrical (Maintenance of Electrical Installations of the Ministry Building Health).
2. Delay in submitting pre-dipa procurement documents to the Procurement Services
Unit to immediately announce the tender implementation which must have been
announced at least 2 (two) months before the contract (November) considering that the
provider selection process takes 1 (one) month and anticipates a failed tender until a
re-tender is conducted.
3. The Ministry of Finance has not published the Budget Implementation Entry List
(DIPA) because it is still in the stage of reviewing budget allocations at the Directorate
General of Budget (DJA).
4. The delay charging Plan General Procurement (RUP) as a condition for tenders
because it is constrained by the unpublished Budget Implementation Entry List
(DIPA)/Activity Operational Instructions (POK). The stage for filling out the General
Procurement Plan (RUP) must upload DIPA/POK.
5. There is no PA/KPA Decree (SK) for the appointment of a Commitment-Making
Officer (PPK) for the following year's activities.
6. Time is limited in the preparation of procurement documents such as Self-Estimated
Prices (HPS), technical specifications, Terms of Reference (KAK), and others that
must be prepared in September - October considering the planned tender in November.
7. To determine personnel costs such as wages, BPJS, and others require standard
provincial minimum wage costs, while local government regulations regarding
provincial minimum wages were only issued in December.
8. The bid price of the goods/services provider or the tender winner is too low from the
Self-Estimated Price (HPS) which results in reduced quality of goods/services.
9. Limited time from determining the winner to signing the contract to select qualified
employees according to the qualifications required in the tender.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of the E-Tender Pre-DIPA
for the procurement of goods/services at the General Bureau of the Secretariat General of
the Ministry of Health from 2020 to 2021, obstacles and efforts made by the Ministry of
Health to overcome existing obstacles.
Sutedi, (2016) states-procurement is an auction system in the procurement of
government goods/services by utilizing internet-based technology, information, and
communication so that it can take place effectively, efficiently, openly, and accountably.
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Applicatione-procurement Of the public sector adopted from the application-procurement
in business. Majdalawieh & Bateman (dalam Arvidsson & Kojic, 2017) the increasing
pressure of business competition has pushed companies to adopt procurement as a strategy
to reduce costs and increase profits. Based on BMN Management and Procurement of the
Ministry of Finance, objectives-Procurement to create transparency, efficiency, and
effectiveness as well as accountability in the procurement of goods/services through
electronic media between Working Groups and Service Providers. While benefits-
Procurement among others:
a Reducing physical contact that can pose a KKN risk both between Providers and
between Providers and PPK/Pokja;
b Making the process of interaction between users and service providers, as well as the
community easier and faster;
c Save procurement operational costs both from the working group and provider side;
d Improve control over various deviations
In activities of E-Procurement, there are methods of implementation as mentioned by
Willem (in Rolas et al., 2019), namely: 1) e-Tendering is a procedure for selecting
suppliers that are carried out openly and can be followed by all suppliers registered in the
electronic procurement system. 2) e-Bidding is the implementation of the procurement of
goods and services by submitting information and/or procurement data from goods and
services providers, starting from the announcement to the announcement of the results of
the procurement, carried out through electronic media, including using internet media,
intranets and/or electronic data interchange (EDI). 3) e-Catalogue is an electronic
information system that contains lists, types, technical specifications, and prices of certain
goods from various providers of goods and services. 4) e-Purchasing is a procedure for
purchasing goods and services through the e-Catalogue facility.
The results of research conducted which were conducted in several regions in
Indonesia, six factors can influence the implementation of e-Procurement, namely 1.
Leadership (a. The government has a good public procurement vision and goals, b. There
is a vision consultation mechanism with stakeholders, c. Vision and goals that can be
published, d. The government has a public procurement master plan, e. The government
has a special independent public procurement, f. Clear policies on e-procurement such as
governance, budget, human resources, standard operating procedures, and technology, g.
The government tries to involve the private sector and the community in the procurement
process); 2. Quality of Human Resources (a. Officials are dealing with procurement human
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resources,b. There is a clear policy on procurement certification, c. Procurement education
and training, d. Public procurement education and training for suppliers, e. Career
development for procurement officials, f. The willingness of government officials to be
procurement officers); 3. Planning and management (a. Local government has a
clear and visionary procurement plan, b. Procurement plan related to the e-Government
plan, c. Follows international e-procurement standards, d. The procurement unit monitors
the daily procurement process, e. Clear standard operating procedures, f. Implementation
of disciplined procurement procedures, g. Accountable and open decision-making
processes, h. Procurement timelines according to regulations), 4. Policies and regulations
(a. Strong and coherent government policies regarding the public, b. Specific and
independent procurement agencies, c. Procurement policies for small and medium
enterprises, d. Competitiveness of the procurement process, e. Local government policies
regarding units’permanent procurement, f. Procurement process cycle, g. The procurement
unit must share information about the procurement process and its output, h.
Accountability policy processes are in place, i. Compliance with laws and regulations in
response to technological changes and environmental changes); 5. System integration (a.
Stability and availability of the e-procurement system, b. Feedback system in e-
procurement, c. Training for private suppliers, d. A good monitoring system, e. Good
monitoring system on the procurement process, f. Web-based system, g. Online system of
regulations and procurement procedures); 6. Infrastructure and standardization (a.
Availability of ICT, b. Accessibility of suppliers, c. Bandwidth capacity, d. Availability of
software and hardware human resources, e. Good and clear e-Procurement standards, f.
Well-implemented standards, g. Availability of security systems in e-procurement, h. An
increasing number of suppliers of goods and services, i. No discrimination based on
locality).
These six factors significantly influence the effectiveness and efficiency of the
implementation of public e-procurement. Based on the factors that influence it in achieving
effectiveness and efficiency, the purpose of implementation-Procurement in the
government sector is an effort to reform the service process of the procurement of goods
and services from the government. In this case, the change in the implementation of
government procurement of goods and services which was previously traditional and then
replaced by utilizing ICT is a form of government innovation (Uyarra & Flanagan, 2010).
Because basically, the government is a public agent whose role is to encourage and sustain
innovation to improve economic development (Pinto, 2014).
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Figure 1. Innovation to improve economic development
Source: Nurmandi and Sunhyuk (2015)
RESEARCH METHODS
The research approach used in this study is qualitative. Qualitative research is a
stand-alone field of inquiry. Qualitative research looks at it holistically (whole) or more
broadly. In this study, the authors interacted with the facts studied by extracting data based
on the actual conditions under study and from the views of the informants in the form of
detailed information about the existing conditions, so that the selected informants and the
authors formed an interpretation that would create a concept into a finding, and it was
hoped that there would be development of a concept that had been prepared previously.
The purpose of a qualitative descriptive approach is to find out and analyze the
implementation of the Pre Dipa e-tender at the General Bureau of the Secretariat General
of the Ministry of Health based on the opinions/perceptions of parties directly related to the
procurement of goods/services seen from the application of the principles of procurement
of goods/services based on Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number
16 of 2018 concerning Government Procurement of Goods/Services.
The type of research used in this research is descriptive research which is research
that gives a clearer picture of social situations. The author uses a descriptive type of
research in this study which aims to describe and develop in detail the Pradipa e-tender
procurement process by procurement principles. The data collection technique used
consisted of interviews conducted in a semi-structured manner, which included the use of
an interview guide that contained a list of questions, but the researcher could carry out
probing outside the interview guide Widiyarni, 2005 (in Zid et al., 2020). The interviewer
conducted interviews with informants by meeting directly with informants and conducting
interviews regarding the implementation of the E-Tender Pradipa Procurement of
E-Tendering Pra DIPA Biro Umum Setjen
Kemenkes
Infrastructure
and
Standardization
Integration
system
Policies and
regulations
Planning and
management
Quality of
Human
Resources
Leadership
E-Procurement
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Goods/Services at the General Bureau of the Secretariat General of the Ministry of Health
in 2020.
Data collection was carried out through direct communication with informants
Commitment Making Officials (PPK) in the Work Unit of the General Bureau of the
General Secretariat of the Ministry of Health, Analyst of Data and Information/Electronic
Procurement Services (LPSE) of the Ministry of Health Bureau of Procurement of Goods
and Services General Secretariat of the Ministry of Health, Manager of Procurement of
Goods/Procurement Services Young Expert Service/Selection working group (pokmil) of
the Bureau of Procurement of Goods and Services Secretariat General of the Ministry of
Health and Goods and Services Providers. The interview technique used is in-depth
interviews through a semi-structured approach to find out the process of government
procurement of goods/services using an electronic procurement system (e-Procurement).
The second is observation, in this case, the author collects data based on the results of
direct observation at locations at the General Bureau of the Secretariat General of the
Ministry of Health and the Bureau of Procurement of Goods and Services General
Secretariat of the Ministry of Health. The observation used in this study is participant
observation, the researcher is directly involved with the program to be studied, such as
directly checking the condition of existing facilities such as work rooms, meeting rooms,
computers, and internet networks so that the data obtained is more complete.
The third is a documentation study. Determining informants in this study uses
purposive sampling (determination of sampling with a specific purpose). The informants in
this study include:
Table 6. Determining informants in this study uses purposive sampling
No.
Name
Department
Information
1.
Muhamad Edwin
Arafat, S.Kom,
MM
Head of the Household
Section of the General
Secretariat General
Bureau of the Ministry
of Health
Mr. Muhamad Edwin Arafat, S.Kom,
MM is an important figure in the process
of procuring goods/services because as
PPK he exercises the authority of the
General Bureau's Budget User Authority
(KPA) to take actions that result in the
expenditure of the state budget at the
expense of the Bureau's DIPA
In general, one of the activities is the pre-
dip e-tender.
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2.
Ahmad Taufik
Data and Information
Analyst
/Electronic
Procurement Service
(LPSE)
Ministry of Health
Mr. Achmad Taufik as LPSE Admin
became a resource person regarding
information on processes in electronic
procurement.
3.
Tri Wahyudi, ST
Goods/Services
Procurement Manager
Young
Expert/Selection
working group
(nod))
Mr. Tri Wahyudi, ST was the source of
information related to the e-tender
process at LPSE because he was one of
the heads of the pre-dipa e-tender pokmil
General Bureau
4.
Mr. Wahidin
Septa Zahran, SE.,
M.Si
STIAMI academics
He is a linear public administration study
program with a public studies program
5.
Ivan Herman
Director of PT. Senka
Mighty Megautama
Chosen as an informant because he is a
leader at PT. Sendika Perkasa
Megautama as the winner
General Bureau pre-dipa tender.
The data analysis technique uses the interactive method proposed by Miles and
Huberman (2014) which consists of several stages described in the figure. The results of
direct interviews with informants were carried out using a semi-structured approach. The
observation in the form of participant observation, researchers are directly involved with
all the programs to be studied starting from environmental conditions to the procurement
process so that the data obtained is more complete and sharp. Furthermore, data collection
was carried out by collecting all documents in the form of images and files related to the
E-Tender Pre DIPA Procurement of Goods and Services. Then, an analysis of all data was
carried out by looking at its relation to the context of the problem, and data analysis
activities namely through Data Reduction, Data Presentation, and Drawing
Conclusions/Verification.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In the implementation of the procurement of goods and services in the pre-DIPA e-
tender of the General Bureau of the Secretariat General of the Ministry of Health, the
leadership factor used is a bureaucratic leadership style where each employee follows
every procedure flow that has been regulated in an order Standard Operating Procedure
(SOP) SOP Number: OT.02.02/3/1189/2019 dated 24 May 2019.
Based on data from the Bureau of Finance and BMN Certain Functional Positions
Procurement of goods/services in Main Units within the Ministry of Health can be seen in
the following table:
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Table 7. Composition of Certain Functional Positions Procurement of Goods/Services
in the Main Unit of the Ministry of Health
No.
Main Units
Total Hr
Gender
L
P
1.
Health Research and Development Agency
5
4
1
2.
Agency for Development and Empowerment of Resources
Health Man
22
14
8
3.
Directorate General of Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices
3
3
0
4.
Directorate General of Public Health
2
1
1
5.
Directorate General of Prevention and Control
Illness
14
5
9
6.
Directorate General of Health Services
71
35
36
7.
Secretariat General
7
6
1
TOTAL
124
68
56
Source: Finance and BMN
Based on the table above, it is known that the number of Specific Functional
Positions for the Procurement of Goods/Services in the Main Unit of the Ministry of
Health is 124 people with a composition of 55% male and 45% female. 17 people outside
the Secretariat General have joined the Bureau of Procurement of Goods and Services of
the Secretariat General so the composition of positions in the Bureau of Procurement of
Goods and Services can be seen in the table below:
Table 8. Composition of Positions in the Bureau of Procurement of Goods and
Services
No.
Department
Total HR
1.
Head of Goods/Services Procurement Bureau
1
2.
Head of General Administration Subdivision
1
3.
Secretary
1
4.
Archivist / Archival Institution
2
5.
State Property Policy Analyst / State Property Analyst
1
6.
APBN Financial Management Analyst Young Expert
1
7.
Data and Information Analyst
3
8.
Data Analyst (Data and Information Analyst)
4
9.
Data Manager
4
10.
Planner / Compiler of Budget Programs and Reporting
1
11.
State Property Manager
1
12.
Goods/Services Procurement Manager / Planner for Procurement of
Facilities and Infrastructure
7
13.
Manager of Procurement of Goods/Services Associate Expert
3
14.
Manager of Goods/Services Procurement Young Expert
15
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15.
Goods/Services Procurement Manager First Expert
10
16.
Not PNS
8
TOTAL
63
Source: Bureau of Procurement of Goods and Services
Procurement of goods/services at the General Bureau of the Secretariat General of
the Ministry of Health aims to obtain goods/services with the following criteria: right
price, right (according) quality, right quantity (volume), the right provider and method of
procurement, as well as an agreement/agreement so that users can utilize the
goods/services in question. The following are the stages of procurement of goods/services
at the General Bureau:
1) Procurement Planning
The Procurement General Plan (RUP) as a condition for conducting e-tenders
requires a List of Budget Implementation Entries (DIPA)/Activity Operational Instructions
(POK) which must be uploaded in the SIRUP application.
Figure 2. Recapitulation of the RUP of the Ministry of Health for the 2021 Fiscal Year
Source: syrup.lkpp.go.id
Based on the figure above, shows that the Ministry of Health will have 15,580
provider packages in 2021, according to Presidential Regulation Number 12 of 2021
concerning Amendments to Presidential Regulation Number 16 of 2018 concerning
Procurement of Goods/Services.
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For the e-tender package for the General Secretariat General Bureau of the Ministry
of Health's Pre-DIPA, the RUP must be announced before the DIPA is determined.
Figure 3. RUP Pre-DIPA General Bureau Secretariat General of the Ministry of Health
Source: syrup.lkpp.go.id
As shown above, the General Bureau Pre-DIPA RUP based on the Republic of
Indonesia Government Goods/Services Procurement Policy Institute Regulation Number
11 of 2021 concerning Guidelines for Planning Government Procurement of
Goods/Services, that planning for Government Procurement of Goods/Services includes a.
Identification of procurement of goods/services; b. Determination of the Type of
Goods/Services; c. Procurement method d. packaging; e. Goods/Services Utilization Time;
and f. Procurement Budget.
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2) Procurement preparation
Procurement preparations can be carried out after the RKA-K/L is approved by the
DPR. For the procurement of goods/services whose contract implementation must begin at
the beginning of the fiscal year, preparations for procurement and/or selection of Providers
can be carried out after the determination of the Ministry's Budget Ceiling by statutory
provisions.
The need for procurement preparation and the selection process before approval of
RKA-K/L by the DPR, the selection of providers can be carried out as long as PA approval
is obtained and the contract is non-binding and the follow-up is as follows:
a) The official authorized to sign the Contract, hereinafter referred to as the Contract
Signing Officer, enters into an agreement or signs the Contract with the Provider
after the DIPA is ratified.
b) If the budget ceiling available in the RKA-K/L is approved by the DPR is less than
the winner's corrected price offer, the selection process can be continued by
conducting technical and price negotiations.
c) If the activity is not available in the DIPA/DPA then the results of the
election/election process must be cancelled.
3) Election preparation
Preparation for the selection of Providers by the Selection Working Group is carried
out after the Selection Working Group receives a request for the selection of Providers
from PPK attached with documents for the preparation of procurement of goods/services
through Providers submitted by PPK to the Head of the Bureau of Procurement of Goods
and Services.
The Selection Working Group conducts election preparations through Providers
including a. Review of procurement preparation documents; b. Determination of the
provider selection method; c. Determination of the Qualification method; d. Determination
of Provider requirements; e. Determination of bid evaluation methods; f. Determination
method of submission of bidding documents; g. Preparation and determination of the
election schedule; and h. Preparation of Election Documents.
4) Election implementation
The selection of providers is carried out by the selection working group, including
tenders/selection, quick tenders, and direct appointments as well as limited tenders.
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5) Contract execution
The written agreement between the Commitment Making Officer (PPK) and the
Provider is carried out by the parties by the provisions contained in the Contract and
statutory regulations. PPK is required to fill out the e-contract a maximum of 30 calendar
days after the contract signing ends (for fast tenders after uploading the bid documents). If
the e-contract data is not completed, the PPK cannot create a new package. Here is one of
the General Bureau e-contracts.
Picture 4. Ministry of Health Secretariat General Bureau E-Contract
Quality goods/services providers are providers of goods/services that can provide
goods or services by the wishes of the assignor. Product quality and good service
performance will greatly affect the satisfaction of the assignor. Goods/Services provider
offerings that are reasonable can maintain product quality such as superior durability,
operational and repair efficiency, and other valued components.
6) Handover of work results
After the work is completed by the provisions contained in the Contract, the Provider
submits a written request to the Contract Signing Officer for the delivery of the work.
Based on the acquisition of data from direct observations, interviews, and documentation
about how the pre-DIPA e-tender at the General Bureau of the Secretariat General of the
Ministry of Health can be described and presented in the discussion of the research results
as follows:
1. Implementation of E-Tender Pre DIPA for the procurement of goods/services at
the General Bureau of the Secretariat General of the Ministry of Health from
2020 to 2021.
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a Leadership
Leadership is an activity of influencing other people so that people want to
work together (collaborate and collaborate their potential) to achieve the goals that
have been set.
Leadership is an important and main thing in the progress of a group,
organization, or nation and country, it is from the leader that a group, organization, or
nation will see the direction, dynamics, and progress it produces because a leader is
someone who gives instructions to subordinates so they can understand what to do.
Leadership in the implementation of the General Bureau's Pre-DIPA e-tender
uses a bureaucratic leadership style where every employee follows every procedure
flow that has been arranged in an order standard Operating Procedure (SOUP).
PDCA Application (plan-do-check-act ) to improve organizational performance is
also very important, the neutrality of the leadership is the key to the success of the
pre-DIPA e-tender.
In the implementation of pre-DIPA e-tenders, the leadership as a spokesperson,
direction setter, coach, and change agent needs to be optimized by increasing
knowledge about activity management.
b Quality of Human Resources
Hasibuan, “Human resources are the science and art that regulate the
relationships and roles of the workforce so that they can effectively and efficiently
help achieve company, employee, and community goals” (in Kenedi et al., 2022)
Human Resources (HR) have an important role in an organization, both
government organizations, industry, private education, and so on. Human resources
are also an enforcement factor and determine the course of an organization/company
in achieving success or goals. If the human resources in the organization/company
are managed optimally, employees/employees will feel satisfied so that the
organization will be able to run its wheels optimally.
Certified HR Managers for Procurement of Goods/Services are needed in the
implementation of pre-DIPA e-tenders, where the functional position has duties and
functions related to goods/services procurement services starting from procurement
planning, provider selection, contract management, and asset information
management based on expertise and skills.
The composition of the position of Goods/Services Procurement Manager,
first, young and middle experts in the Goods and Services Procurement Bureau,
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which is an election working group team (pokmil) of 28 people with the scope of
work of e-tender for the procurement of goods/services within the Ministry of
Health, can still be added by transferring a Specific Functional Position for
Procurement of Goods/Services in the Main Unit to the Bureau of Procurement of
Goods and Services.
c Planning and management
"Management is the process of planning, organizing, directing, and
supervising the efforts of members of the organization and the use of other
organizational resources to achieve organizational goals that have been set"
(Handoko et al., 2012). Management and planning are carried out to organize and
manage various sources to achieve the desired goals effectively and efficiently.
The suitability of the e-tender procurement planning and management
process for the General Bureau's pre-DIPA e-tender based on Presidential
Regulation Number 16 of 2018 concerning Government Procurement of
Goods/Services, Government procurement of goods/services, hereinafter referred
to as the procurement of goods/services, is the procurement of goods/services by
Ministries/Institutions/Regional Work Units (K/L/SKPD) financed by the State
Budget (APBN)/Regional Expenditure Budget (APBD) whose process starts from
identification of needs to the handover of the work.
Planning and management of the procurement of goods/services for pre-
DIPA e-tenders from planning to handover are guided by Presidential Decree 16 of
2018. Obstacles in the previous year must also be evaluated so that they do not
happen again, such as results or outputs that are not to the plan.
d Policies and Regulations
According to (Marzali, 2012), Policy is a blueprint for actions that direct
and influence the behavior of the people affected by the decision. Policies and
regulations related to the procurement of goods/services are another important
variable that influences the success of e-procurement implementation. Based on the
Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of
2020 concerning the Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Health for 2020-2024, the
target of the Development of Management of Administration of Finance and State
Property is the implementation of procurement of goods/services of the Ministry of
Health in an effective, efficient and accountable manner according to regulations.
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The indicator for achieving this target is the percentage of realization of the
implementation of goods/services procurement of 98%, to achieve the Program
Target (Outcome)/Activity Target (Output) the Ministry of Health formed a Bureau
of Procurement of Goods and Services, so that the process of procurement of
goods/services within the Ministry of Health is centralized. "For anyone who takes
on duties at the Bureau of Procurement of Goods and Services, there are 8 signs
that must be known, namely not to conspire with providers of goods and services,
not to receive kickbacks, not to commit bribes, not to receive gratuities, no conflicts
of interest, no cheating, no malicious intent, and not allowing corruption to occur,"
said KPK Chairman Firli who was present as a resource person at the Coordination
Meeting for the Implementation of Centralized Goods/Services Procurement within
the Ministry of Health at the Ministry of Health Building, Jakarta, Monday (17 /1).
The advantages of centralized procurement of goods/services include: reducing
price disparities of similar goods/services; more controlled use of accounts;
supervision of procurement implementation is easier because it is centralized in
UKPBJ; managers of the procurement of goods/services become more independent.
The policy for the procurement of goods/services has been regulated in Presidential
Regulation Number 12 of 2021 concerning Amendments to Presidential Regulation
Number 16 of 2018 concerning Government Procurement of Goods/Services. This
regulation is also supported by several regulations and directives from the Ministry
of Health and LKPP in the process of procuring goods/services
e System integration
"The system is a group of elements - elements that are integrated with the
same goal to achieve goals. So the system is a network or a group of elements that
are interconnected with one another to carry out an activity and achieve certain
goals "(Handoko et al., 2012).
The provision of a comprehensive system that integrates systems with
complex online databases is very important, synergy and collaboration in
integrating systems and databases for procurement of goods/services, both
application systems for planning, implementing, and reporting procurement of
goods/services can produce extraordinary efficiency in planning, implementing
and reporting on procurement of goods/services. At the Ministry of Health,
system integration is still waiting for the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of
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Communication and Informatics, and LKPP to actCentral Transformation Office
performs system integration.
f Infrastructure and standardization
Standardization originates from the word standard which means a unit of
measurement for comparison of quality, quantity, value, and works or products. Thus,
the notion of standardization is the process of establishing technical standards,
standard specifications, standard test methods, standard definitions, standard
procedures (or practices), and so on.
The provision of infrastructure and standardization of electronic procurement
services within the Ministry of Health is located at the Data and Information Center of
the Secretariat General of the Ministry of Health. Data Center Operators in providing
services use standards that pay attention to aspects a. health; b. human safety; c.
Physique; d. electricity; e. mechanic; f. energy management; and g. management of
activity continuity.
Internet services at the Ministry of Health are used by all employees to support
the implementation of daily operational tasks, also to facilitate Ministry of Health
website services, electronic mail (email), several website-based applications, web
hosting sub-domains, and also to facilitate the SIKNAS network that serves the
Department of Health. Provincial Health, District/City health office, vertical
UPT, and other health units. Service access internet used by the Ministry
of Health at this time is connected internet access through 2 main lines with a
ratio of 1:1 (downstream/upstream) and can be distributed to 3 other Ministry of
Health office locations as needed via metro ethernet connection.
Apart from that, to carry out the data center backup function, Pusdatin uses an
ethernet/IP transit service with a different path from the main route. Internet service
consists of wired and wireless. To connect the Provincial Health Office, District/City
Health Office, Vertical UPT, regional hospitals, and others, the Data and Information
Center uses a VPN (virtual private network) service which is one of the technologies
that supports the Wide Area Network.
1. Obstacles in the Pre DIPA E-Tender procurement process. In every process, there
are bound to be obstacles or obstacles to be faced. The obstacles encountered were
server downtime and system updates, limited time, and supporting data in the
preparation of procurement documents, which made the General Bureau's pre-
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DIPA e-tender process less effective.
2. Efforts made by the Ministry of Health to overcome existing obstacles are by
making maximum efforts, making RUPs manually, making cost and price
analyses based on supporting data that can be accounted for, coordinating with
LPSE administrators, and reminding participants regarding the deadline for
submitting bids.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the researchers and discussion of the problem, it can be
concluded that the implementation of the e-tender pre-DIPA General Bureau of the
Secretariat General of the Ministry of Health:
1. The implementation of the pre-DIPA e-tender for the procurement of goods/services
at the General Bureau of the Secretariat General of the Ministry of Health from 2020
to 2021, in general, is still going quite well. The leadership variable used is the
bureaucratic leadership style, all of which are regulated in a Standard Operating
Procedure (SOUP). The variable quality of human resources with the number of
positions managing the procurement of goods/services experts first, junior, and middle
in the Bureau of Procurement of Goods and Services which is a team of election
working groups (Pokmil) of 28 people can still be added by transferring from the
Main Unit, then for planning and management variables in its implementation are
guided by Presidential Regulation Number 16 of 2018 concerning Government
Procurement of Goods/Services whose process starts from identification of needs, up
to the handover of work results. For policy and regulatory variables, the Ministry of
Health centralizes procurement of goods/services by establishing a Bureau of
Procurement of Goods and Services. The system integration of the Ministry of Health
relies on the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Communication and Informatics,
and LKPP as central Transformation Offices, while the infrastructure variable and
standardization of electronic procurement services are at the Data and Information
Center of the Secretariat General of the Ministry of Health, which has been going
quite well.
2. Obstacles in the Pre DIPA E-Tender procurement process, namely server downtime
and system updates, limited time, and supporting data in preparing procurement
documents.
3. Efforts were made by the Ministry of Health to overcome existing obstacles, namely
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making maximum efforts by making RUPs manually, making cost and price analyses,
coordinating with LPSE administrators, and reminding participants regarding the
deadline for submitting bids.
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