Reflection on National Defense Day: Nationalism from the Perspective of Equitable Transportation in Southeast Sulawesi Province
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47200/aossagcj.v6i1.3533Keywords:
National Defense day, Transportation, Fair Transportation, NationalismAbstract
National Defense Day is a momentum to reflect on the nationalism in the context of inclusive and equitable national development. Nationalism is not only interpreted as a spirit of defending the country militarily, but also manifested through real contributions in the provision of public services that guarantee social justice, one of which is through the transportation sector. Southeast Sulawesi Province, as an archipelagic region with complex geographical characteristics, faces significant challenges in realizing equitable and equitable transportation. This article aims to analyze nationalism from the perspective of equitable transportation as a form of non-military national defense in Southeast Sulawesi. The research method uses a qualitative approach through literature studies and transportation policy analysis. The results of the study indicate that equitable transportation development in Southeast Sulawesi plays a crucial role in strengthening regional integration, reducing disparities between mainland and island regions, and affirming the state's presence in the outermost regions. Equitable transportation is a manifestation of contextual nationalism that supports national resilience and national unity.
References
Antipova, A., Sultana, S., Hu, Y., & Rhudy Jr, J. P. (2020). Accessibility and Transportation Equity. Sustainability, 12(9), 3611. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093611
Arbani, M. (2024). The Importance of Defence Intelligence Agencies in Non-Combat Military Missions: Instruments of Special Attention for Defence Capacity Building and Capabilities. Advances In Social Humanities Research, 2(4), 624–638. https://doi.org/10.46799/adv.v2i4.218
Archer, D. N. (2020). Transportation Policy and the Underdevelopment of Black Communities. Iowa Law Review, 106, 2125.
Armawi, A. (2020). Nasionalisme dalam Dinamika Ketahanan Nasional. UGM Press.
Bieber, F. (2022). Global Nationalism in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nationalities Papers, 50(1), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.1017/nps.2020.35
Butcher, T. J. (2021). Developing Identity: Exploring the History of Indonesian Nationalism. The University of Vermont and State Agricultural College.
Calhoun, C. (2017). The Rhetoric of Nationalism. In Everyday Nationhood: Theorising Culture, Identity and Belonging After Banal Nationalism (pp. 17–30). Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Ciriaco, T. G., Zehra, S. N., Wambura, V., & Wong, S. D. (2025). Equitable Transportation and Resilience Hubs: Analysis of Underserved Population Needs, Usage, and Travel Behaviour. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 29, 101314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2024.101314
Cochran, A. L., McDonald, N. C., Prunkl, L., Vinella-Brusher, E., Wang, J., Oluyede, L., & Wolfe, M. (2022). Transportation barriers to care among frequent health care users during the COVID pandemic. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1783. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14149-x
Cresswell, T. (2016). Towards a Politics of Mobility. In Routes, Roads and Landscapes (pp. 181–196). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315243887-23
Dewanti, Widhyharto, D. S., Nugroho, D. P., Harmanto, J. P., Lastito, H., Setiawan, D. M., & Rosyidi, S. A. P. (2025). Integration of Tourism Transport Services: The Cases of Toba Lake, Mandalika, and Labuan Bajo, Indonesia. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 15(5), 1442–1452. https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.15.5.21182
Fadhiil, M. D., & Afriansyah, A. (2022). Strategic Development of Indonesia’s Outermost Islands as an Enhancement of National Maritime Defense and Sovereignty. Udayana Journal of Law and Culture, 6(1), 83. https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2022.v06.i01.p05
Fageda, X., Suárez-Alemán, A., Serebrisky, T., & Fioravanti, R. (2018). Air Connectivity in Remote Regions: A Comprehensive Review of Existing Transport Policies Worldwide. Journal of Air Transport Management, 66, 65–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2017.10.008
Florini, A., & Pauli, M. (2018). Collaborative Governance for the Sustainable Development Goals. Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 5(3), 583–598. https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.252
Garau, C., Desogus, G., Barabino, B., & Coni, M. (2022). Accessibility and Public Transport Mobility for a Smart (er) Island: Evidence From Sardinia (Italy). Sustainable Cities and Society, 87, 104145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104145
Haripin, M., Priamarizki, A., & Marzuki, K. I. (2020). The Army and Ideology in Indonesia: From Dwifungsi to Bela Negara. Routledge.
Haryanto, B., Lestari, F., & Nurlambang, T. (2019). Extreme Events, Disasters, and Health Impacts in Indonesia. In Extreme Weather Events and Human Health: International Case Studies (pp. 227–245). Springer International Publishing.
Hasina, H., & Satyadharma, M. (2023). Strategi Pengembangan Fungsi Terminal Penumpang Tipe B Di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Journal Publicuho, 6(1), 246–256. https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i1.112
Johnson, L. L., Ebakivie, O., Everett, J., & Wynn, S. (2025). Inclusive and Accessible Transportation for All: Strategies for Integrating Equity in Transportation Research. Logistics, 9(2), 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9020072
Kaplan, C. (2020). Transporting the Subject: Technologies of Mobility and Location in an Era of Globalization. In Uprootings/Regroundings (pp. 207–223). Routledge.
Kelwulan, L. M., Utama, I. K. A. P., & Nugroho, S. (2019). Impacts of Information Availability to Transport Service Quality in Archipelagic Areas. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 14(3), 768–775. https://doi.org/https://www.ripublication.com/ijaer19/ijaerv14n3_22.pdf
Korkiya, E., Maksimov, A., & Mamedov, A. (2022). Socio-Cultural Aspects of Communicative Interaction in the Modern Field of Public Urban Transport. Transportation Research Procedia, 63, 2347–2353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2022.06.269
Kusumaningrum, A. (2019). Kedaulatan Negara Di Ruang Udara Dan Perkembangan Angkutan Udara Internasional. Universitas Brawijaya Press.
Litman, T. (2017). Evaluating Transportation Equity. Victoria Transport Policy Institute.
Martens, K., Bastiaanssen, J., & Lucas, K. (2019). Measuring Transport Equity: Key Components, Framings and Metrics. In Measuring Transport Equity (pp. 13–36). Elsevier.
Mattis, J., & Schake, K. N. (2016). Warriors and Citizens: American Views of Our Military. Hoover Institution Press.
Mylonas, H., & Tudor, M. (2021). Nationalism: What We Know and What We Still Need to Know. Annual Review of Political Science, 24(1), 109–132. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-041719-101841
Nababan, A. M., Simanjuntak, P., Sitinjak, M., & Simangunsong, R. (2025). Generation Z’s and Pancasila Democracy: The Impact of Political Parties and Political Leadership. Pancasila: Jurnal Keindonesiaan, 5(2), 182–199. https://doi.org/10.52738/pjk.v5i2.840
Nævestad, T. O., Hesjevoll, I. S., & Phillips, R. O. (2018). How Can We Improve Safety Culture in Transport Organizations? A Review of Interventions, Effects and Influencing Factors. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 54, 28–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.01.002
Nidatya, N. (2023). The Meaning of Defending the Country as Strengthening Non-Military Security: Perceptions of Indonesian Society. Civic-Culture: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan PKN Dan Sosial Budaya, 7(2), 783–799.
Novianti, E. R., & Rizal, E. (2024). The Influence of Transportation Infrastructure on Community Economic Improvement in Makassar Island, Baubau City. Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, 5(3), 1095. https://doi.org/10.59141/jist.v5i3.979
Ogayo, J. M. (2024). Transport Infrastructure, Political Federations and Regional Integration: The Case of East Africa Community. American University.
Okromtchedlishvili, I. (2024). Navigating Organizational Excellence: A Comparative Study and Roadmap for Streamlining Defense Infrastructure Organizational Model of Georgia. Bulletin of “Carol I” National Defence University (EN), 13(02), 60–78. https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-24-20
Pereira, R. H., & Karner, A. (2021). Transportation Equity. Elsevier.
Prakoso, L. Y., Soemantri, A. I., & Prasetyo, H. (2024). Kebijakan Pertahanan Negara Indonesia Emas 2045. Penerbit Widina.
Prasetyo, D. Y., Norrahman, F. H., Ramadhani, A. D., Hilmiyah, N., Nurharizah, S., Malika, V., & Fuad, M. Y. (2025). Strategi Kebijakan Global: Demokrasi, Ekonomi, dan Hubungan Internasional. Kramantara JS.
Prus, P., & Sikora, M. (2021). The Impact of Transport Infrastructure on the Sustainable Development of the Region—Case Study. Agriculture, 11(4), 279. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040279
Pujayanti, A., & Roza, R. (2019). Diplomasi Indonesia dan Pembangunan Konektivitas Maritim. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.
Pulungan, E. D. (2024). From Archipelago to Maritime Hub: Indonesia’s Quest to Become the World’s New Maritime Axis. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Sosial, 10(2), 106–117. https://doi.org/10.23887/jiis.v10i2.78631
Putri, A., Massie, C. D., & Sinaga, T. B. (2025). Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Gangguan Keamanan Masyarakat Di Pulau-Pulau Terluar Indonesia. LEX ADMINISTRATUM, 13(1).
Putri, M. F. J. L., Sitompul, P. H. S., Sasmita, S. K., Siallagan, J., & Kurniati, P. (2025). Pendidikan Bela Negara. Basya Media Utama.
Rachman, R. M., Sabar, A. D., Saputra, Y. J., Satyadharma, M., & Hado. (2024). Pelabuhan Hijau dalam Mendukung Pemerataan Pembangunan dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Wilayah (Studi Deskriptif di Pelabuhan Penyeberangan BauBau). Jurnal Teknik, 18(1), 32–29. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31849/teknik.v17i1
Rahmawati, A., & Supriyadi, A. A. (2025). Membangun Ketahanan dan Keamanan Sosial: Model Pertahanan Non-Militer Berbasis Komunitas. Inovasi Pembangunan: Jurnal Kelitbangan, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.35450/jip.v13i2.1122
Rajulan, M., Sulistyo, G. A., & Satyadharma, M. (2025). Semangat Pahlawan sebagai Teladan dalam Membangun Transportasi Berkeadilan. JIMU: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisipliner, 03(04), 1326–1334. https://doi.org/10.70294/jimu.v3i04.1536
Ramsi, R., Firman, A., Salam, M., PS, M., Hado, H., Putra, A. A., Soeparyanto, T. S., Arsyad, L. O. M. N., Nasrul, N., Laode, R. T., & Satyadharma, M. (2025). Upaya Peningkatan Kesadaran Masyarakat melalui Sosialisasi Keselamatan Berlalu Lintas dan Tertib Parkir di Kabupaten Bombana. Jurnal Gema Ngabdi, 7(2), 218–224. https://doi.org/10.29303/jgn.v7i2.556
Ranjitha, P. K., Selvakumar, P., Anute, N., Manjunath, T. C., Sureshkrishna, G., & Pougajendy, S. (2025). Transportation Challenges In Islands Tourism. In Navigating Mass Tourism to Island Destinations: Preservation and Cultural Heritage Challenges (pp. 287–312). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
Ranubaya, F. A., Hexanno, S. A. D., Rangga, W. K., & Endi, Y. (2024). Enhancing Indonesian Nationalism: Exploring Archipelago and National Resilience (Social Philosophy Perspective). Jurnal Filsafat Indonesia, 7(1), 173–179. https://doi.org/10.23887/jfi.v7i1.68765
Rasyid, R., Berhitu, P. T., & Metekohy, E. F. (2024). Konsep Kota 15 Menit: Peluang dan Tantangan Penerapannya pada Kota Pulau. Jurnal Syntax Admiration, 5(11), 4577–4591. https://doi.org/10.46799/jsa.v5i11.1764
Razak, A., & Mokodompit, E. A. (2024). Optimalisasi Pengembangan Ekonomi Maritim di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Almufi Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 1(3), 377–382. https://doi.org/10.63821/ash.v1i3.382
Rembaen, B. Z., Lumolos, J., & Kumayas, N. (2018). Kebijakan Pemerintah Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud Dalam Pengembangan Transportasi Pedesaan Dipulau Kabaruan (Studi Dikantor Perhubungan Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud). Jurnal Eksekutif, 1(1), 1–11.
Rochwulaningsih, Y., Sulistiyono, S. T., Masruroh, N. N., & Maulany, N. N. (2019). Marine Policy Basis of Indonesia as a Maritime State: The Importance of Integrated Economy. Marine Policy, 108, 103602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103602
Rodrigue, J. P. (2020). The Geography of Transport Systems. Routledge.
Ronaldi, T. (2025). Strengthening National Resilience Through Integration of Public Policy and Defense Strategy in Border Regions. Journal of National Paradigm-Based Resilience Strategy, 2(02). https://doi.org/10.61511/napbres.v2i02.2025.2138
Safitri, T. N., & Satyadharma, M. (2025). Nasionalisme Warga (Perilaku Pengibaran Bendera Merah Putih Selama Bulan Agustus). Jurnal Penelitian Ilmiah Multidisipliner, 2(02), 888–903.
Sanchez, T. (2018). The Right to Transportation: Moving to Equity. Routledge.
Saputra, Y. J., Ahmad, S., & Satyadharma, M. (2023). Pengaruh Kualitas Jasa Layanan Terminal Pelabuhan Terhadap Kepuasan Penumpang Kapal Feri di Pelabuhan Penyeberangan Baubau. Wawasan : Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, Ekonomi Dan Kewirausahan, 1(3), 204–217. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.58192/wawasan.v1i3.1082
Sarjito, A. (2024). Optimizing the Defense Logistics Transportation System in Indonesia: A Case Study on Military Logistics. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 2(3), 321–340. https://doi.org/10.57248/jishum.v2i3.370
Soomauroo, Z., Blechinger, P., & Creutzig, F. (2020). Unique Opportunities of Island States to Transition to a Low-Carbon Mobility System. Sustainability, 12(4), 1435.
Stearns, P. N. (2023). Globalization in World History. Routledge.
Syauqi, A., Pratama, Y. W., & Purwanto, W. W. (2021). Sustainable Energy System in the Archipelagic Country: Challenges and Opportunities. In Energy Systems Evaluation (Volume 1) Sustainability Assessment (pp. 49–69).
Szabó, L., & Jelinek, C. (2023). State, Capitalism and Infrastructure-Led Development: A Multi-Scalar Analysis of the Belgrade-Budapest Railway Construction. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 55(5), 1281–1304. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X231156
Taharuddin, Fitri, I., Badaruddin, & Lubis, S. N. (2025). Factors Influencing the Opening of Regional Shipping Routes in the Aceh Region to Enhance Regional Development and Global Connectivity. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 12046. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1452/1/012046
Varma, N. (2024). The Politics of Nationalism: Navigating Identity, Power and Global Dynamics. Peercite J Glob Soc & Educ, 2(1), 8017–8020. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61641/pjgse.2024.2.1.8017-8020
Wei, F., Koc, E., Li, N., Soibelman, L., & Wei, D. (2022). A Data-Driven Framework to Evaluate the Indirect Economic Impacts of Transportation Infrastructure Disruptions. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 75, 102946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102946
Xu, Y., & Zhu, S. (2024). Transport Infrastructure, Intra-Regional Inequality and Urban-Rural Divide: Evidence From China’s High-Speed Rail Construction. International Regional Science Review, 47(3), 378–406. https://doi.org/10.1177/01600176231177672
Yannis, G., & Chaziris, A. (2022). Transport System and Infrastructure. Transportation Research Procedia, 60, 6–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.12.002
Zhang, J., Jiang, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Transport-in-All-Policies Approach. In Research Handbook on Transport and COVID-19 (pp. 469–490). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Zuhdi, S., Sari, N. F. L., & Sunarti, L. (2019). Nationalism and Globalization: Issues on the Sea Border Between Indonesia and Australia in the Context of Maritime Sovereignty. International Review of Humanities Studies, 4(1), 1.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhamad Rajulan, Maudhy Satyadharma, Ade Suhartono, Hado, Galih Adi Sulistyo

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


